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Dense crowd counting aims to predict thousands of human instances from an image, by calculating integrals of a density map over image pixels. Existing approaches mainly suffer from the extreme density variances. Such density pattern shift…

Using a new definition of rank for representations of semisimple groups sharp results are proved for the decay of matrix coefficients of unitary representations of two types of non-split $p$-adic simple algebraic groups of exceptional type.…

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with continuous state and observation spaces have powerful flexibility for representing real-world decision and control problems but are notoriously difficult to solve. Recent online…

In this paper, we consider lightweight decentralised algorithms for achieving consensus in distributed systems. Each member of a distributed group has a private value from a fixed set consisting of, say, two elements, and the goal is for…

We prove that each metrizable space (of cardinality less or equal to continuum) has a (first countable) uniform Eberlein compactification and each scattered metrizable space has a scattered hereditarily paracompact compactification. Each…

The probability distribution P from which the history of our universe is sampled represents a theory of everything or TOE. We assume P is formally describable. Since most (uncountably many) distributions are not, this imposes a strong…

In recent years, in an effort to promote fairness in the election process, a wide variety of techniques and metrics have been proposed to determine whether a map is a partisan gerrymander. The most accessible measures, requiring easily…

Let $(X, T)$ be a weakly mixing minimal system, $p_1, \cdots, p_d$ be integer-valued generalized polynomials and $(p_1,p_2,\cdots,p_d)$ be non-degenerate. Then there exists a residual subset $X_0$ of $X$ such that for all $x\in X_0$ $$\{…

A given density matrix may be represented in many ways as a mixture of pure states. We show how any density matrix may be realized as a uniform ensemble. It has been conjectured that one may realize all probability distributions that are…

The sequence of $\alpha$-trimmings of empirical probabilities is shown to converge, in the Painlev\'{e}--Kuratowski sense, on the class of probability measures endowed with the weak topology, to the $\alpha$-trimming of the population…

In representative democracy, a redistricting map is chosen to partition an electorate into districts which each elects a representative. A valid redistricting map must satisfy a collection of constraints such as being compact, contiguous,…

It is possible to extract, from the observations, distribution functions of the birth dynamical properties of a stellar population, and to also infer that these are quite invariant to the physical conditions of star formation. The most…

This paper generalizes the results of [13] and then provides an interesting example. We construct a family of $W$-like maps $\{W_a\}$ with a turning fixed point having slope $s_1$ on one side and $-s_2$ on the other. Each $W_a$ has an…

Let $A$ be drawn uniformly at random from the set of all $n\times n$ symmetric matrices with entries in $\{-1,1\}$. We show that \[ \mathbb{P}( \det(A) = 0 ) \leq e^{-cn},\] where $c>0$ is an absolute constant, thereby resolving a…

Motivated by the difficulty of specifying complete ordinal preferences over a large set of $m$ candidates, we study voting rules that are computable by querying voters about $t < m$ candidates. Generalizing prior works that focused on…

We provide a unified proof of all known examples of locally compact groups that enjoy the Howe-Moore property, namely, the vanishing at infinity of all matrix coefficients of the group unitary representations that are without non-zero…

In a district-based election, we apply a voting rule $r$ to decide the winners in each district, and a candidate who wins in a maximum number of districts is the winner of the election. We present efficient sampling-based algorithms to…

Let $E\subset \mathbb Z$ be a set of positive upper density. Suppose that $P_1,P_2,..., P_k\in \mathbb Z[X]$ are polynomials having zero constant terms. We show that the set $E\cap (E-P_1(p-1))\cap ... \cap (E-P_k(p-1))$ is non-empty for…

Let $\mathcal X$ be an infinite locally compact separable metric space with metric $\rho$ and let $f : \mathcal X \longrightarrow \mathcal X$ be a continuous weakly mixing map. Let $\beta = \sup \big\{ \rho(x, y): \{x, y \} \subset \mathcal…

We consider the problem of distribution-free predictive inference, with the goal of producing predictive coverage guarantees that hold conditionally rather than marginally. Existing methods such as conformal prediction offer marginal…