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Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly adopted as tool-using agents that can plan, observe their environment, and take actions over extended time periods. This evolution challenges current evaluation practices where the AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Simone Aonzo , Merve Sahin , Aurélien Francillon , Daniele Perito

The integration of vision-language-action (VLA) models into embodied AI (EAI) robots is rapidly advancing their ability to perform complex, long-horizon tasks in humancentric environments. However, EAI systems introduce critical security…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yiyang Huang , Zixuan Wang , Zishen Wan , Yapeng Tian , Haobo Xu , Yinhe Han , Yiming Gan

It is well established that neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are almost imperceptible on human vision and can cause the deep models misbehave. Such phenomenon may lead to severely inestimable consequences in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Dengpan Ye , Chuanxi Chen , Changrui Liu , Hao Wang , Shunzhi Jiang

Deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, i.e., images that are maliciously perturbed to fool the model. Generating adversarial examples has been mostly limited to finding small perturbations that maximize the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Hossein Hosseini , Radha Poovendran

Since cameras have become a crucial part in many safety-critical systems and applications, such as autonomous vehicles and surveillance, a large body of academic and non-academic work has shown attacks against their main component - the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Sebastian Köhler , Richard Baker , Ivan Martinovic

Deep neural networks have been proved that they are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are generated by adding human-imperceptible perturbations to images. To defend these adversarial examples, various detection based methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Kejiang Chen , Yuefeng Chen , Hang Zhou , Chuan Qin , Xiaofeng Mao , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Threat modeling is a popular method to securely develop systems by achieving awareness of potential areas of future damage caused by adversaries. However, threat modeling for systems relying on Artificial Intelligence is still not well…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jan von der Assen , Jamo Sharif , Chao Feng , Christian Killer , Gérôme Bovet , Burkhard Stiller

A critical aspect of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is the object detection stage, which is increasingly being performed with sensor fusion models: multimodal 3D object detection models which utilize both 2D RGB image data and 3D data from a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Won Park , Nan Liu , Qi Alfred Chen , Z. Morley Mao

Recent developments in adversarial machine learning have highlighted the importance of building robust AI systems to protect against increasingly sophisticated attacks. While frameworks like AI Guardian are designed to defend against these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Trinath Sai Subhash Reddy Pittala , Uma Maheswara Rao Meleti , Geethakrishna Puligundla

Deep neural network-based image compression has been extensively studied. However, the model robustness which is crucial to practical application is largely overlooked. We propose to examine the robustness of prevailing learned image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Tong Chen , Zhan Ma

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples that are carefully designed to cause the deep learning model to make mistakes. Adversarial examples of 2D images and 3D point clouds have been extensively studied, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Wooju Lee , Hyun Myung

Adversarial examples can represent a serious threat to machine learning (ML) algorithms. If used to manipulate the behaviour of ML-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS), they can jeopardize network security. In this work, we aim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Nasim Soltani , Shayan Nejadshamsi , Zakaria Abou El Houda , Raphael Khoury , Kelton A. P. Costa , Tiago H. Falk , Anderson R. Avila

Adversarial attacks, particularly the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) pose significant threats to the robustness of deep learning models in image classification. This paper explores and refines defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Hetvi Waghela , Jaydip Sen , Sneha Rakshit

Convolutional Neural Networks have achieved significant success across multiple computer vision tasks. However, they are vulnerable to carefully crafted, human-imperceptible adversarial noise patterns which constrain their deployment in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Aamir Mustafa , Salman H. Khan , Munawar Hayat , Jianbing Shen , Ling Shao

Adversarial attacks can readily disrupt the image classification system, revealing the vulnerability of DNN-based recognition tasks. While existing adversarial perturbations are primarily applied to uncompressed images or compressed images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Yang Sui , Zhuohang Li , Ding Ding , Xiang Pan , Xiaozhong Xu , Shan Liu , Zhenzhong Chen

Surface electromyography (EMG) enables non-invasive human-computer interaction in rehabilitation, prosthetics, and virtual reality. While deep learning models achieve over 97% classification accuracy, their vulnerability to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Hongyi Xie

For autonomous driving, an essential task is to detect surrounding objects accurately. To this end, most existing systems use optical devices, including cameras and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors, to collect environment data in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Jindi Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Kejie Lu , Jianping Wang , Kui Wu , Xiaohua Jia , Bin Liu

Deep learning models (with neural networks) have been widely used in challenging tasks such as computer-aided disease diagnosis based on medical images. Recent studies have shown deep diagnostic models may not be robust in the inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Mengting Xu , Tao Zhang , Zhongnian Li , Mingxia Liu , Daoqiang Zhang

Adversarial attacks constitute a notable threat to machine learning systems, given their potential to induce erroneous predictions and classifications. However, within real-world contexts, the essential specifics of the deployed model are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jingwen Ye , Ruonan Yu , Songhua Liu , Xinchao Wang

It has been shown that most machine learning algorithms are susceptible to adversarial perturbations. Slightly perturbing an image in a carefully chosen direction in the image space may cause a trained neural network model to misclassify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-13 Jiajun Lu , Hussein Sibai , Evan Fabry , David Forsyth