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An edge-colored graph $G$, where adjacent edges may have the same color, is {\it rainbow connected} if every two vertices of $G$ are connected by a path whose edge has distinct colors. A graph $G$ is {\it $k$-rainbow connected} if one can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-15 Hengzhe Li , Xueliang Li , Yuefang Sun , Yan Zhao

Given a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, define the \emph{Gallai-Ramsey number} to be the minimum number of vertices $n$ such that any $k$-edge coloring of $K_n$ contains either a rainbow (all different colored) triangle or a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-28 Zhao Wang , Yaping Mao , Colton Magnant , Jinyu Zou

An edge-colored graph is called \textit{rainbow graph} if all the colors on its edges are distinct. Given a positive integer $n$ and a graph $G$, the \textit{anti-Ramsey number} $ar(n,G)$ is defined to be the minimum number of colors $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Hongliang Lu , Xinyue Luo , Xinxin Ma

We give a coding based perspective, on a result of Erd\'{o}s, on a lower bound for the diagonal ramsey numbers.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-04 Sundar Vishwanathan

In this paper, we investigate three extensions of Ramsey numbers to other combinatorial settings. We first consider ordered Ramsey numbers. Here, we ask for a monochromatic copy of a linearly ordered graph $G$ in every $2$-edge-coloring of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Daniel Brosch , Bernard Lidický , Sydney Miyasaki , Diane Puges

Ramsey theory is a central and active branch of combinatorics. Although Ramsey numbers for graphs have been extensively investigated since Ramsey's work in the 1930s, there is still an exponential gap between the best known lower and upper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-03 António Girão , Gal Kronenberg , Alex Scott

We study Tur\'an and Ramsey-type problems on edge-colored graphs. An edge-colored graph is called {\em $\varepsilon$-balanced} if each color class contains at least an $\varepsilon$-proportion of its edges. Given a family $\mathcal{F}$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-21 Alp Müyesser , Michael Tait

In this paper we prove a new result about partitioning coloured complete graphs and use it to determine certain Ramsey numbers exactly. The partitioning theorem we prove is that for k at least 1, in every edge colouring of a complete graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-17 Alexey Pokrovskiy

A construction described by the current author (2017) uses two linear prototypes to build a compound graph with Ramsey properties inherited from the prototype graphs. The resulting graph is linear; and cyclic if both prototypes are cyclic.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-14 Fred Rowley

We establish new lower bounds for $28$ classical two and three color Ramsey numbers, and describe the heuristic search procedures we used. Several of the new three color bounds are derived from the two color constructions; specifically, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-21 Geoffrey Exoo , Milos Tatarevic

The odd-Ramsey number $r_{{\text odd}}(n,H)$ of a graph $H$, as introduced by Alon in his work on graph-codes, is the minimum number of colours needed to edge-colour $K_n$ so that every copy of $H$ intersects some colour class in an odd…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Simona Boyadzhiyska , Shagnik Das , Thomas Lesgourgues , Kalina Petrova

Given a graph $H$, the size Ramsey number $r_e(H,q)$ is the minimal number $m$ for which there is a graph $G$ with $m$ edges such that every $q$-coloring of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. We study the size Ramsey number of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-05-31 Ido Ben-Eliezer , Michael Krivelevich , Benny Sudakov

We improve the upper bound for diagonal Ramsey numbers to \[R(k+1,k+1)\le\exp(-c(\log k)^2)\binom{2k}{k}\] for $k\ge 3$. To do so, we build on a quasirandomness and induction framework for Ramsey numbers introduced by Thomason and extended…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-20 Ashwin Sah

Motivated by Ramsey theory problems, we consider edge-colorings of 3-uniform hypergraphs that contain no rainbow paths of length 3. There are three 3-uniform paths of length 3: the tight path $\mathcal{T}=\{v_1v_2v_3, v_2v_3v_4,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Xihe Li , Runshan Wang

We prove that for all graphs with at most $(3.75-o(1))n$ edges there exists a 2-coloring of the edges such that every monochromatic path has order less than $n$. This was previously known to be true for graphs with at most $2.5n-7.5$ edges.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-05 Deepak Bal , Louis DeBiasio

We study the multicolor Ramsey numbers for paths and even cycles, $R_k(P_n)$ and $R_k(C_n)$, which are the smallest integers $N$ such that every coloring of the complete graph $K_N$ has a monochromatic copy of $P_n$ or $C_n$ respectively.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-15 Charlotte Knierim , Pascal Su

We show that, for every $r, k$, there is an $n = n(r,k)$ so that any $r$-coloring of the edges of the complete graph on $[n]$ will yield a monochromatic complete subgraph on vertices ${a + \sum_{i \in I} d_i \mid I \subseteq [k]}$ for some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-01 Andy Parrish

In this paper, we study Ramsey-type problems for directed graphs. We first consider the $k$-colour oriented Ramsey number of $H$, denoted by $\overrightarrow{R}(H,k)$, which is the least $n$ for which every $k$-edge-coloured tournament on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-03 Matija Bucic , Shoham Letzter , Benny Sudakov

We discuss a variant of the Ramsey and the directed Ramsey problem. First, consider a complete graph on $n$ vertices and a two-coloring of the edges such that every edge is colored with at least one color and the number of bicolored edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-22 Zoltán Lóránt Nagy

We investigate Ramsey properties of a random graph model in which random edges are added to a given dense graph. Specifically, we determine lower and upper bounds on the function $p=p(n)$ that ensures that for any dense graph $G_n$ a.a.s.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-07 Emil Powierski