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Ambiguous words are often found in modern digital communications. Lexical ambiguity challenges traditional Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) methods, due to limited data. Consequently, the efficiency of translation, information retrieval, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 T. G. D. K. Sumanathilaka , Nicholas Micallef , Julian Hough

In this paper, we describe our approach for the SemEval 2025 Task 2 on Entity-Aware Machine Translation (EA-MT). Our system aims to improve the accuracy of translating named entities by combining two key approaches: Retrieval Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jaebok Lee , Yonghyun Ryu , Seongmin Park , Yoonjung Choi

Placeholder translation systems enable the users to specify how a specific phrase is translated in the output sentence. The system is trained to output special placeholder tokens, and the user-specified term is injected into the output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Ryokan Ri , Toshiaki Nakazawa , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

The rapid rise in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) with emerging capabilities has spurred public curiosity to evaluate and compare different LLMs, leading many researchers to propose their own LLM benchmarks. Noticing preliminary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Timothy R. McIntosh , Teo Susnjak , Nalin Arachchilage , Tong Liu , Paul Watters , Malka N. Halgamuge

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit gender bias, posing challenges for their safe deployment. Existing methods to mitigate bias lack a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms or compromise the model's core capabilities. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Zeping Yu , Sophia Ananiadou

Entity alignment (EA) aims to identify entities across different knowledge graphs (KGs) that refer to the same real-world object and plays a critical role in knowledge fusion and integration. Traditional EA methods mainly rely on knowledge…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yixuan Nan , Xixun Lin , Yanmin Shang , Ge Zhang , Zheng Fang , Fang Fang , Yanan Cao

Human gender bias is reflected in language and text production. Because state-of-the-art machine translation (MT) systems are trained on large corpora of text, mostly generated by humans, gender bias can also be found in MT. For instance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Jonas-Dario Troles , Ute Schmid

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved top results in recent machine translation evaluations, but they are also known to be sensitive to errors and perturbations in their prompts. We systematically evaluate how both humanly plausible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Patrícia Schmidtová , Niyati Bafna , Seth Aycock , Gianluca Vico , Wiktor Kamzela , Katharina Hämmerl , Vilém Zouhar

The misuse of large language models (LLMs) poses potential risks, motivating the development of machine-generated text (MGT) detection. Existing literature primarily concentrates on binary, document-level detection, thereby neglecting texts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zhixiong Su , Yichen Wang , Herun Wan , Zhaohan Zhang , Minnan Luo

Having recognized gender bias as a major issue affecting current translation technologies, researchers have primarily attempted to mitigate it by working on the data front. However, whether algorithmic aspects concur to exacerbate unwanted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Marco Gaido , Beatrice Savoldi , Luisa Bentivogli , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

This study evaluates the machine translation (MT) quality of two state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) against a tradition-al neural machine translation (NMT) system across four language pairs in the legal domain. It combines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Vicent Briva-Iglesias , Joao Lucas Cavalheiro Camargo , Gokhan Dogru

The growing prominence of large language models (LLMs) in daily life has heightened concerns that LLMs exhibit many of the same gender-related biases as their creators. In the context of hiring decisions, we quantify the degree to which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Nina Gerszberg , Janka Hamori , Andrew Lo

Achieving consistent high-quality machine translation (MT) across diverse domains remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the limited and imbalanced parallel training data available in various domains. While large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Tianxiang Hu , Pei Zhang , Baosong Yang , Jun Xie , Derek F. Wong , Rui Wang

Recent large language models (LLM) are leveraging human feedback to improve their generation quality. However, human feedback is costly to obtain, especially during inference. In this work, we propose LLMRefine, an inference time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Wenda Xu , Daniel Deutsch , Mara Finkelstein , Juraj Juraska , Biao Zhang , Zhongtao Liu , William Yang Wang , Lei Li , Markus Freitag

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have stepped forward the development of multilingual speech and machine translation by its reduced representation errors and incorporated external knowledge. However, both translation tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Yuchen Hu , Chen Chen , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Ruizhe Li , Dong Zhang , Zhehuai Chen , Eng Siong Chng

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional language generation capabilities in response to text-based prompts. However, controlling the direction of generation via textual prompts has been challenging, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Rohan Deepak Ajwani , Zining Zhu , Jonathan Rose , Frank Rudzicz

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess an extraordinary capability to produce text that is not only coherent and contextually relevant but also strikingly similar to human writing. They adapt to various styles and genres, producing content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chinnappa Guggilla , Budhaditya Roy , Trupti Ramdas Chavan , Abdul Rahman , Edward Bowen

Although behavioral studies have documented numerical reasoning errors in large language models (LLMs), the underlying representational mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that numerical attributes occupy shared latent subspaces and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hirohane Takagi , Gouki Minegishi , Shota Kizawa , Issey Sukeda , Hitomi Yanaka

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet concerns persist regarding their tendency to reflect or amplify social biases. This study introduces a novel evaluation framework to uncover gender biases in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Evan Chen , Run-Jun Zhan , Yan-Bai Lin , Hung-Hsuan Chen

Gender inequality is embedded in our communication practices and perpetuated in translation technologies. This becomes particularly apparent when translating into grammatical gender languages, where machine translation (MT) often defaults…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Andrea Piergentili , Beatrice Savoldi , Dennis Fucci , Matteo Negri , Luisa Bentivogli
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