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The distinguishing number of a graph $G$ is a symmetry related graph invariant whose study started two decades ago. The distinguishing number $D(G)$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has a $d$-distinguishing coloring. A distinguishing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Sylvain Gravier , Kahina Meslem , Simon Schmidt , Souad Slimani

We develop a theory of combinatorial games that is appropriate for describing positions in Hex and other monotone set coloring games. We consider two natural conditions on such games: a game is monotone if all moves available to both…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Peter Selinger

A combinatorial game is a two-player game without hidden information or chance elements. The disjunctive sum $G + H$ of games $G$ and $H$ is the game in which $G$ and $H$ are played in parallel, and a player makes a move on exactly one of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Kengo Hashimoto

The domatic number of a graph is the maximum number of pairwise disjoint dominating sets admitted by the graph. We introduce a game based around this graph invariant. The domatic number game is played on a graph $G$ by two players, Alice…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Bert L. Hartnell , Douglas F. Rall

The domatic game with pallete size $k$ is a $2$-player game played on a graph $G$ recently introduced by Hartnell and Rall. Players Alice and Bob take turns choosing an uncolored vertex from $G$, and coloring it a color from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Sean English , London Swan

Combinatorial Game Theory is a branch of mathematics and theoretical computer science that studies sequential 2-player games with perfect information. Normal play is the convention where a player who cannot move loses. Here, we generalize…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Prem Kant , Urban Larsson , Ravi K. Rai , Akshay V. Upasany

We study a combinatorial game derived from a problem in the German National Mathematics Competition. In this game, two players take turns removing numbers from a finite set of natural numbers, aiming to satisfy a certain divisibility…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Tim Rammenstein

The network coloring game has been proposed in the literature of social sciences as a model for conflict-resolution circumstances. The players of the game are the vertices of a graph with $n$ vertices and maximum degree $\Delta$. The game…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Nikolaos Fryganiotis , Symeon Papavassiliou , Christos Pelekis

Rex, short for Reverse Hex, is a set coloring game in which players try to avoid connecting terminals of their color. Combinatorial game theory (CGT) is the study of perfect strategy games. Until recently, both Rex and Hex were not examined…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Jeremiah Hockaday

In the graph avoidance game two players alternatingly color edges of a graph G in red and in blue respectively. The player who first creates a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to a forbidden graph F loses. A symmetric strategy of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Frank Harary , Wolfgang Slany , Oleg Verbitsky

A combinatorial game is a two-player game without hidden information or chance elements. The main object of combinatorial game theory is to obtain the outcome, which player has a winning strategy, of a given combinatorial game. Positions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Kengo Hashimoto

A derangement of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is an injective function $f:V\to V$ such that for all $v\in V$, $f(v)\neq v$ and $(v,f(v))\in E$. Not all graphs admit a derangement and previous results have characterized graphs with derangements using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-23 Nina Galanter , Dennis Silva , Jonathan T. Rowell , Jan Rychtář

A subset of the vertex set of a graph is geodetically convex if it contains every vertex on any shortest path between two elements of the subset. The convex hull of a set of vertices is the smallest convex set containing the set. We study…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-14 Bret J. Benesh , Dana C. Ernst , Marie Meyer , Sarah K. Salmon , Nandor Sieben

We introduce a natural variant of the parallel chip-firing game, called the diffusion game. Chips are initially assigned to vertices of a graph. At every step, all vertices simultaneously send one chip to each neighbour with fewer chips. As…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 C. Duffy , T. F. Lidbetter , M. E. Messinger , R. J. Nowakowski

The connected domination game is played just as the domination game, with an additional requirement that at each stage of the game the vertices played induce a connected subgraph. The number of moves in a D-game (an S-game, resp.) on a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Csilla Bujtás , Vesna Iršič , Sandi Klavžar

We study a version of the lights out game played on directed graphs. For a digraph $D$, we begin with a labeling of $V(D)$ with elements of $\mathbb{Z}_k$ for $k \ge 2$. When a vertex $v$ is toggled, the labels of $v$ and any vertex that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-04 T. Elise Dettling , Darren B. Parker

We study the computational complexity of distance games, a class of combinatorial games played on graphs. A move consists of colouring an uncoloured vertex subject to it not being at certain distances determined by two sets, D and S. D is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Kyle Burke , Silvia Heubach , Melissa Huggan , Svenja Huntemann

This work is concerned with the study of the Game of Graph Nim -- a class of two-player combinatorial games -- on graphs with $4$ edges. To each edge of such a graph is assigned a positive-integer-valued edge-weight, and during each round…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Sayar Karmakar , Moumanti Podder , Souvik Roy , Soumyarup Sadhukhan

We define a family of vertex colouring games played over a pair of graphs or digraphs $(G,H)$ by players $\forall$ and $\exists$. These games arise from work on a longstanding open problem in algebraic logic. It is conjectured that there is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Rob Egrot , Robin Hirsch

The undirected edge geography is a two-player combinatorial game on an undirected rooted graph. The players alternatively perform a move consisting of choosing an edge incident to the root vertex, removing the chosen edge, and marking the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-17 Tharit Sereekiatdilok , Panupong Vichitkunakorn