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In this paper we prove a conjecture stated by the first two authors establishing the closure of the numerical range of a certain class of $n+1$-periodic tridiagonal operators as the convex hull of the numerical ranges of two tridiagonal…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-13 Benjamín A. Itzá-Ortiz , Rubén A. Martínez-Avendaño , Hiroshi Nakazato

Which convex subsets of the complex plane are the numerical range W(A of some matrix A? This paper gives a precise characterization of these sets. In addition to this we show that for any A there exists a symmetric matrix B of the same size…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-04-26 J. William Helton , Ilya M. Spitkovsky

The large-scale geometry of hyperbolic metric spaces exhibits many distinctive features, such as the stability of quasi-geodesics (the Morse Lemma), the visibility property, and the homeomorphism between visual boundaries induced by a…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-29 Bruce Kleiner , Urs Lang

A new kind of numbers called Hyper Space Complex Numbers and its algebras are defined and proved. It is with good properties as the classic Complex Numbers, such as expressed in coordinates, triangular and exponent forms and following the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Shanguang Tan

We consider spectra of $n$-by-$n$ irreducible tridiagonal matrices over a field and of their $n-1$-by-$n-1$ trailing principal submatrices. The real symmetric and complex Hermitian cases have been fully understood: it is necessary and…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-07-25 R. S. Costas-Santos , C. R. Johnson

We look at Bohemian matrices, specifically those with entries from $\{-1, 0, {+1}\}$. More, we specialize the matrices to be upper Hessenberg, with subdiagonal entries $1$. Even more, we consider Toeplitz matrices of this kind. Many…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Eunice Y. S. Chan , Robert M. Corless , Laureano Gonzalez-Vega , J. Rafael Sendra , Juana Sendra , Steven E. Thornton

Conditions are established for rank three partial isometries to have circular components contained in their Kippenhahn curves. In particular, such matrices with circular numerical ranges are described. It is also established that the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Nikita Popov , Eric Shen , Ilya M. Spitkovsky

The paper explores further the computation of the quaternionic numerical range of a complex matrix. We prove a modified version of a conjecture by So and Tompson. Specifically, we show that the shape of the quaternionic numerical range for…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-10 Luís Carvalho , Cristina Diogo , Sérgio Mendes

This second part on polygons in the hyperbolic plane is based on the first part which deals with uniqueness and existence of cocyclic polygons with prescribed sidelengths. The topic here is the maximum question for the area of these…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2010-08-24 Rolf Walter

Criterion for a companion matrix to have a certain number of flat portions on the boundary of its numerical range is given. The criterion is specialized to the cases of 3-by-3 and 4-by-4 matrices. In the latter case, it is proved that a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-07-18 Jeffrey Eldred , Leiba Rodman , Ilya M. Spitkovsky

On looking at the literature associated with string theory one finds statements that a sequence of matrix algebras converges to the 2-sphere (or to other spaces). There is often careful bookkeeping with lengths, which suggests that one is…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Marc A. Rieffel

In this paper we study the discreteness of complex hyperbolic triangle groups of type $[m,m,0; n_1, n_2, 2]$, i.e. groups of isometries of the complex hyperbolic plane generated by three complex reflections of orders $n_1, n_2, 2$ in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Sam Povall , Anna Pratoussevitch

It is well-known that orthogonal polynomials on the real line satisfy a three-term recurrence relation and conversely every system of polynomials satisfying a three-term recurrence relation is orthogonal with respect to some positive Borel…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Antonio J. Durán , Walter Van Assche

We define metrics in space that are natural counterparts of the hyperbolic metric in plane domains, using the characterization of the hyperbolic metric due to Beardon and Pommerenke. We obtain inequalities for these metrics under…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Aimo Hinkkanen , Poranee Khayo

The object of study of this article is compact surfaces in the three-dimensional hyperbolic space with a positive-definite second fundamental form. It is shown that several conditions on the Gaussian curvature of the second fundamental form…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-09-18 Steven Verpoort

This work studies the Hardy number for the class of hyperbolic planar domains satisfying Abel's inclusion property, which are usually known as Koenigs domains. More explicitly, we prove that for all regular domains in the above class, the…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Manuel D. Contreras , Francisco J. Cruz-Zamorano , Maria Kourou , Luis Rodríguez-Piazza

Let $(M, \partial M)$ be a compact 3-manifold with boundary which admits a complete, convex co-compact hyperbolic metric. For each hyperbolic metric $g$ on $M$ such that $\dr M$ is smooth and strictly convex, the induced metric on $\dr M$…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jean-Marc Schlenker

Krylov subspace methods are a powerful tool for efficiently solving high-dimensional linear algebra problems. In this work, we study the approximation quality that a Krylov subspace provides for estimating the numerical range of a matrix.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Cecilia Chen , John Urschel

Competing inhomogeneous orders are a central feature of correlated electron materials including the high-temperature superconductors. The two- dimensional Hubbard model serves as the canonical microscopic physical model for such systems.…

We give a canonical form of m-by-2-by-2 spatial matrices for equivalence over any field.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-09-18 Genrich Belitskii , Maxim Bershadsky , Vladimir V. Sergeichuk