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With the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) the number of collisions per bunch crossing increases. To cope with these high rates in the pixel trackers, per-pixel time measurements are required, which implies the need for fast…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-18 Daan Oppenhuis

AC-Coupled LGAD (AC-LGAD) is a new 4D detector developed based on the Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology, which can accurately measure the time and spatial information of particles. The Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP)…

Resistive Silicon Detectors (RSD, also known as AC-LGAD) are innovative silicon sensors, based on the LGAD technology, characterized by a continuous gain layer that spreads across the whole sensor active area. RSDs are very promising…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-09-07 F. Siviero , F. Giobergia , L. Menzio , F. Miserocchi , M. Tornago , R. Arcidiacono , N. Cartiglia , M. Costa , M. Ferrero , G. Gioachin , M. Mandurrino , V. Sola

The CLIC Tracker Detector (CLICTD) is a monolithic pixelated sensor chip produced in a $180$ nm imaging CMOS process built on a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. The chip, designed in the context of the CLIC tracking detector study,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-04-07 I. Kremastiotis , R. Ballabriga , K. Dort , N. Egidos , M. Munker

Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are characterized by a fast rise time (500 ps) and extremely good time resolution (down to 17 ps). The intrinsic low granularity of LGADs and the large power consumption of readout chips for precise…

In the past 10 years, two design innovations, the introduction of low internal gain (LGAD) and of resistive read-out (RSD), have radically changed the performance of silicon detectors. The LGAD mechanism, increasing the signal-to-noise…

The ALICE Inner Tracking System upgrade (ITS3) will employ stitched, wafer-scale Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) for the first time in high-energy physics, achieving a material budget of only 0.09$\,$%$\,$X$\mathrm{_{0}}$ per layer.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-05 Marius Wilm Menzel

A monolithic pixelated silicon detector designed for high time resolution has been produced in the SG13G2 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology of IHP Mikroelektronik. This proof-of-concept chip contains hexagonal pixels of 65 {\mu}m and 130 {\mu}m…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-01-29 G. Iacobucci , R. Cardarelli , S. Débieux , F. A. Di Bello , Y. Favre , D. Hayakawa , M. Kaynak , M. Nessi , L. Paolozzi , H. Rücker , DMS Sultan , P. Valerio

The Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a semiconductor detector capable of achieving excellent timing resolution (~20 ps) for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). To realize a pixelated detector with both high timing precision and spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-02 Koji Nakamura , Yua Murayama , Issei Horikoshi , Mahiro Kobayashi , Koji Sato

This contribution will delve into the design and performance of the newly produced Silicon Carbide Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (4H-SiC LGADs) and provide a comprehensive summary of their measured characteristics. This includes an analysis…

The recent R&D focus on CMOS sensors with charge collection in a depleted zone has opened new perspectives for CMOS sensors as fast and radiation hard pixel devices. These sensors, labelled as depleted CMOS sensors (DMAPS), have already…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-02-01 T. Wang , P. Rymaszewski , M. Barbero , Y. Degerli , S. Godiot , F. Guilloux , T. Hemperek , T. Hirono , H. Krüger , J. Liu , F. Orsini , P. Pangaud , A. Rozanov , N. Wermes

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) provide moderate internal gain and time resolutions of a few tens of picoseconds, making them a key technology for ultrafast timing in high-energy physics and beyond. However, both their gain and timing…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-28 Weiyi Sun , Mengzhao Li , Mei Zhao , Zhijun Liang

Silicon sensors are the go-to technology for high-precision sensors in particle physics. But only recently low-noise silicon sensors with internal amplification became available. The so-called Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors have…

Within the ATTRACT FASTPIX project, a monolithic pixel sensor demonstrator chip has been developed in a modified 180 nm CMOS imaging process technology, targeting sub-nanosecond timing precision for single ionising particles. It features a…

Experiments at synchrotron radiation sources and X-ray Free-Electron Lasers in the soft X-ray energy range ($250$eV--$2$keV) stand to benefit from the adaptation of the hybrid silicon detector technology for low energy photons. Inverse Low…

The detectors with $\mathcal{O}$(10) $\mu$m spatial resolution and $\mathcal{O}$(10) ps timing resolution construct powerful particle trackers for future hadron or lepton collider experiments. LGAD: Low-Gain-Avalanche-Diode is a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-17 Tomoka Imamura , Sayuka Kita , Koji Nakamura , Kazuhiko Hara

A MHz frame rate X-ray area detector (LPD - Large Pixel Detector) is under development by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for the European XFEL. The detector will have 1 million pixels and allows analogue storage of 512 images taken at…

Capacitive-coupled Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (AC-LGAD) sensors are being developed for high-energy particle physics experiments as a detector which provides fast time information with fine spatial resolution. This paper describes…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-01-25 Sayuka Kita , Koji Nakamura , Tatsuki Ueda , Ikumi Goya , Kazuhiko Hara

We present the first micropattern gaseous detector that employs a small 3D-printed Thick-GEM as its sole gain element. The detector can achieve sufficient gas gain for regular operation without the need for pre-amplification by additional…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-11 J. Collins , M. Hohlmann