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We investigate partially identifiable queries in a class of causal models. We focus on acyclic Structural Causal Models that are quasi-Markovian (that is, each endogenous variable is connected with at most one exogenous confounder). We look…

Complex and nonlinear dynamical systems often involve parameters that change with time, accurate tracking of which is essential to tasks such as state estimation, prediction, and control. Existing machine-learning methods require full state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Zheng-Meng Zhai , Mohammadamin Moradi , Bryan Glaz , Mulugeta Haile , Ying-Cheng Lai

Very recently, strongly non-Gaussian states have been observed via a direct three-mode spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a superconducting cavity [Phys. Rev. X 10, 011011 (2020)]. The created multi-photon non-Gaussian correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Mingsheng Tian , Yu Xiang , Feng-Xiao Sun , Matteo Fadel , Qiongyi He

We present general and rigorous results showing that the microcanonical and canonical ensembles are equivalent at all three levels of description considered in statistical mechanics - namely, thermodynamics, equilibrium macrostates, and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-15 Hugo Touchette

Electrostatic interactions between macroions largely govern the equilibrium thermodynamic and dynamical properties of charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions and polyelectrolyte solutions. Predicting the properties of such complex,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-12-11 Alan R. Denton

Traditional partial differential equations with constant coefficients often struggle to capture abrupt changes in real-world phenomena, leading to the development of variable coefficient PDEs and Markovian switching models. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-02 Yi Zhang , Zhikun Zhang , Xiangjun Wang

As the quantification of metabolism, nonequilibrium steady states play a central role in living matter, but are beyond the purview of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Here we develop a fermionic theory of nonequilibrium steady states in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-04-24 Eric De Giuli , Masanari Shimada

Integrating out fast degrees of freedom is known to yield, to a good approximation, memory-less, i.e. Markovian, dynamics. In the presence of such a time-scale separation local detailed balance is believed to emerge and to guarantee…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-12-12 David Hartich , Aljaž Godec

Markov chains are fundamental models for stochastic dynamics, with applications in a wide range of areas such as population dynamics, queueing systems, reinforcement learning, and Monte Carlo methods. Estimating the transition matrix and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Lasse Leskelä , Maximilien Dreveton

We study the behavior of non-Markovianity with respect to the localization of the initial environmental state. The "amount" of non-Markovianity is measured using divisibility and distinguishability as indicators, employing several schemes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-03 David Davalos , Carlos Pineda

Distinguishability and, by extension, observability are key properties of dynamical systems. Establishing these properties is challenging, especially when no analytical model is available and they are to be inferred directly from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-10 Pierre-François Massiani , Mona Buisson-Fenet , Friedrich Solowjow , Florent Di Meglio , Sebastian Trimpe

The characterization of collective behavior and nonequilibrium phase transitions in quantum systems is typically rooted in the analysis of suitable system observables, so-called order parameters. These observables might not be known a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Erik Fitzner , Francesco Carnazza , Federico Carollo , Igor Lesanovsky

Cellular regulatory dynamics is driven by large and intricate networks of interactions at the molecular scale, whose sheer size obfuscates understanding. In light of limited experimental data, many parameters of such dynamics are unknown,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2014-04-30 Bryan C. Daniels , Ilya Nemenman

We present a new computational framework combining coarse-graining techniques with bootstrap methods to study quantum many-body systems. The method efficiently computes rigorous upper and lower bounds on both zero- and finite-temperature…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-25 Minjae Cho , Colin Oscar Nancarrow , Petar Tadić , Yuan Xin , Zechuan Zheng

We develop criteria sufficient to enable detection of macroscopic coherence where there are not just two macroscopically distinct outcomes for a pointer measurement, but rather a spread of outcomes over a macroscopic range. The criteria…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. G. Cavalcanti , M. D. Reid

Many complex systems operating far from the equilibrium exhibit stochastic dynamics that can be described by a Langevin equation. Inferring Langevin equations from data can reveal how transient dynamics of such systems give rise to their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-01 Mikhail Genkin , Owen Hughes , Tatiana A. Engel

The classical sparse parameter identification methods are usually based on the iterative basis selection such as greedy algorithms, or the numerical optimization of regularized cost functions such as LASSO and Bayesian posterior probability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Yanxin Fu , Wenxiao Zhao

Coarse-graining or model reduction is a term describing a range of approaches used to extend the time-scale of molecular simulations by reducing the number of degrees of freedom. In the context of molecular simulation, standard…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Thomas Hudson , Xingjie Helen Li

This paper details how to parameterize the posterior distribution of state-space systems to generate improved optimization problems for system identification using variational inference. Three different parameterizations of the assumed…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-15 Dimas Abreu Archanjo Dutra

This paper is concerned with a characterization of the observability for a continuous-time hidden Markov model where the state evolves as a general continuous-time Markov process and the observation process is modeled as nonlinear function…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Jin W. Kim , Prashant G. Mehta