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In the rapidly advancing arena of large language models (LLMs), a key challenge is to enhance their capabilities amid a looming shortage of high-quality training data. Our study starts from an empirical strategy for the light continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Xuxi Chen , Zhendong Wang , Daouda Sow , Junjie Yang , Tianlong Chen , Yingbin Liang , Mingyuan Zhou , Zhangyang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in various domains, including healthcare, with significant potential to transform mental health applications by enabling scalable and accessible solutions. This study aims to provide a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Abdelrahman Hanafi , Mohammed Saad , Noureldin Zahran , Radwa J. Hanafy , Mohammed E. Fouda

Large language models (LLMs) are promising tools for supporting security management tasks, such as incident response planning. However, their unreliability and tendency to hallucinate remain significant challenges. In this paper, we address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Kim Hammar , Tansu Alpcan , Emil Lupu

Cross-lingual continual pre-training of large language models (LLMs) initially trained on English corpus allows us to leverage the vast amount of English language resources and reduce the pre-training cost. In this study, we constructed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Kazuki Fujii , Taishi Nakamura , Mengsay Loem , Hiroki Iida , Masanari Ohi , Kakeru Hattori , Hirai Shota , Sakae Mizuki , Rio Yokota , Naoaki Okazaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, but their development has primarily focused on English and other high-resource languages, leaving many languages underserved. We present our latest Hindi-English bi-lingual…

Small Language Models (SLMs) enable cost-effective, on-device and latency-sensitive AI applications, yet their deployment in Traditional Chinese (TC) remains hindered by token-level instability - models unpredictably emit non-TC characters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yu-Cheng Chih , Ming-Tao Duan , Yong-Hao Hou

Due to the continuous emergence of new data, version updates have become an indispensable requirement for Large Language Models (LLMs). The training paradigms for version updates of LLMs include pre-training from scratch (PTFS) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zhihao Wang , Shiyu Liu , Jianheng Huang , Zheng Wang , Yixuan Liao , Xiaoxin Chen , Junfeng Yao , Jinsong Su

Several recent works seek to develop foundation models specifically for medical applications, adapting general-purpose large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) via continued pretraining on publicly available biomedical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Daniel P. Jeong , Saurabh Garg , Zachary C. Lipton , Michael Oberst

Planning for both immediate and long-term benefits becomes increasingly important in recommendation. Existing methods apply Reinforcement Learning (RL) to learn planning capacity by maximizing cumulative reward for long-term recommendation.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Wentao Shi , Xiangnan He , Yang Zhang , Chongming Gao , Xinyue Li , Jizhi Zhang , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that large-scale pretraining enables systems to adapt rapidly to new problems with little supervision in the language domain. This success, however, has not translated as effectively to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pablo Acuaviva , Aram Davtyan , Mariam Hassan , Sebastian Stapf , Ahmad Rahimi , Alexandre Alahi , Paolo Favaro

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in code generation tasks. However, there remains a performance gap between open-source and closed-source models. To address this gap, existing approaches typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

The paradigm of scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) in both parameter size and test time has pushed the boundaries of AI capabilities, but at the cost of making the traditional generative evaluation paradigm prohibitively expensive,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Zhichen Liu , Tianle Lun , Zhibin Wen , Hao An , Yulin Ou , Jianhui Xu , Hao Zhang , Wenyi Fang , Yang Zheng , Yang Xu

Language models, characterized by their black-box nature, often hallucinate and display sensitivity to input perturbations, causing concerns about trust. To enhance trust, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Vatsal Gupta , Pranshu Pandya , Tushar Kataria , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

Extending the context length (i.e., the maximum supported sequence length) of LLMs is of paramount significance. To facilitate long context training of LLMs, sequence parallelism has emerged as an essential technique, which scatters each…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yujie Wang , Shiju Wang , Shenhan Zhu , Fangcheng Fu , Xinyi Liu , Xuefeng Xiao , Huixia Li , Jiashi Li , Faming Wu , Bin Cui

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for reasoning tasks using reinforcement learning methods like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is computationally expensive. To address this, we propose a predictive framework that models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Datta Nimmaturi , Vaishnavi Bhargava , Rajat Ghosh , Johnu George , Debojyoti Dutta

How can we teach large multimodal models (LMMs) new skills without erasing prior abilities? We study sequential fine-tuning on five target skills while monitoring general ability on eight held-out benchmarks across three model families.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhen Zhu , Yiming Gong , Yao Xiao , Yaoyao Liu , Derek Hoiem

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable empirical success through scaling model and data size, pretraining has become increasingly critical yet computationally prohibitive, hindering rapid development. Despite the availability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Ji Zhao , Yufei Gu , Shitong Shao , Xun Zhou , Liang Xiang , Zeke Xie

Scaling large language models (LLMs) significantly improves performance but comes with prohibitive computational costs. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer an efficient alternative, increasing capacity without a proportional rise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Aditya Vavre , Ethan He , Dennis Liu , Zijie Yan , June Yang , Nima Tajbakhsh , Ashwath Aithal

LLMs have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in understanding tasks but continue to struggle with long-context comprehension, particularly with content located in the middle of extensive inputs. This limitation, known as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 James Begin , Namit Agrawal , Eshan Singh , Yicheng Fu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma , Kevin Zhu

Modern language models rely on static vocabularies, fixed before pretraining, in contrast to the adaptive vocabulary acquisition observed in human language learning. To bridge this gap, we introduce vocabulary curriculum learning, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Fangyuan Yu