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Despite major advances in machine translation (MT) in recent years, progress remains limited for many low-resource languages that lack large-scale training data and linguistic resources. In this paper, we introduce \dsname, a novel…

This work presents our efforts to reproduce the results of the human evaluation experiment presented in the paper of Vamvas and Sennrich (2022), which evaluated an automatic system detecting over- and undertranslations (translations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Ondřej Plátek , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

Analytic Translation Quality Evaluation (TQE), based on Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM), traditionally uses a linear error-to-penalty scale calibrated to a reference sample of 1000-2000 words. However, linear extrapolation biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Serge Gladkoff , Lifeng Han , Katerina Gasova

Since the 1950s, machine translation (MT) has become one of the important tasks of AI and development, and has experienced several different periods and stages of development, including rule-based methods, statistical methods, and recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Lifeng Han

Recent studies emphasize the need of document context in human evaluation of machine translations, but little research has been done on the impact of user interfaces on annotator productivity and the reliability of assessments. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Roman Grundkiewicz , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Christian Federmann , Tom Kocmi

Annotated data is an essential ingredient in natural language processing for training and evaluating machine learning models. It is therefore very desirable for the annotations to be of high quality. Recent work, however, has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Jan-Christoph Klie , Bonnie Webber , Iryna Gurevych

This paper introduces GEMBA-MQM, a GPT-based evaluation metric designed to detect translation quality errors, specifically for the quality estimation setting without the need for human reference translations. Based on the power of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Tom Kocmi , Christian Federmann

Recent studies have used both automatic metrics and human evaluations to assess the simplification abilities of LLMs. However, the suitability of existing evaluation methodologies for LLMs remains in question. First, the suitability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xuanxin Wu , Yuki Arase

Machine translation (MT) was developed as one of the hottest research topics in the natural language processing (NLP) literature. One important issue in MT is that how to evaluate the MT system reasonably and tell us whether the translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Lifeng Han

Cross-lingual Machine Translation (MT) quality estimation plays a crucial role in evaluating translation performance. GEMBA, the first MT quality assessment metric based on Large Language Models (LLMs), employs one-step prompting to achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Hao Yang , Min Zhang , Shimin Tao , Minghan Wang , Daimeng Wei , Yanfei Jiang

Recent machine translation (MT) metrics calibrate their effectiveness by correlating with human judgement but without any insights about their behaviour across different error types. Challenge sets are used to probe specific dimensions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Nikita Moghe , Arnisa Fazla , Chantal Amrhein , Tom Kocmi , Mark Steedman , Alexandra Birch , Rico Sennrich , Liane Guillou

Traditional automatic evaluation metrics for machine translation have been widely criticized by linguists due to their low accuracy, lack of transparency, focus on language mechanics rather than semantics, and low agreement with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Serge Gladkoff , Lifeng Han

Human annotations are an important source of information in the development of natural language understanding approaches. As under the pressure of productivity annotators can assign different labels to a given text, the quality of produced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Kristian Miok , Gregor Pirs , Marko Robnik-Sikonja

Sentence level quality estimation (QE) for machine translation (MT) attempts to predict the translation edit rate (TER) cost of post-editing work required to correct MT output. We describe our view on sentence-level QE as dictated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Junpei Zhou , Ciprian Chelba , Yuezhang , Li

The construction of high-quality parallel corpora for translation research has increasingly evolved from simple sentence alignment to complex, multi-layered annotation tasks. This methodological shift presents significant challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Baorong Huang , Ali Asiri

The year 2024 marks the 10th anniversary of the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework for analytic translation quality evaluation. The MQM error typology has been widely used by practitioners in the translation and localization…

Quality estimation aims to measure the quality of translated content without access to a reference translation. This is crucial for machine translation systems in real-world scenarios where high-quality translation is needed. While many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Yi-Lin Tuan , Ahmed El-Kishky , Adithya Renduchintala , Vishrav Chaudhary , Francisco Guzmán , Lucia Specia

Devising metrics to assess translation quality has always been at the core of machine translation (MT) research. Traditional automatic reference-based metrics, such as BLEU, have shown correlations with human judgements of adequacy and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Carolina Scarton , Mikel L. Forcada , Miquel Esplà-Gomis , Lucia Specia

We present MAATS, a Multi Agent Automated Translation System that leverages the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework as a fine-grained signal for error detection and refinement. MAATS employs multiple specialized AI agents, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 George Wang , Jiaqian Hu , Safinah Ali

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) aims to infer human sentiment from textual, acoustic, and visual signals. In real-world scenarios, however, multimodal inputs are often compromised by dynamic noise or modality missingness. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yitong Zhu , Yuxuan Jiang , Guanxuan Jiang , Bojing Hou , Peng Yuan Zhou , Ge Lin Kan , Yuyang Wang