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The price system is often said to economize on information, but economics has lacked a formal measure of how much information it saves. This paper develops such a measure. We construct a proof-theoretic framework for decentralized…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-25 Shuige Liu

This paper studies learning in markets with aggregate uncertainty about whether trade is efficient. A long-lived seller offers prices to buyers, who are short-lived and arrive according to a Poisson process. A hidden state determines…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-14 Justus Preusser

As financial instruments grow in complexity more and more information is neglected by risk optimization practices. This brings down a curtain of opacity on the origination of risk, that has been one of the main culprits in the 2007-2008…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-10-23 Marco Bardoscia , Daniele d'Arienzo , Matteo Marsili , Valerio Volpati

Both the scientific community and the popular press have paid much attention to the speed of the Securities Information Processor, the data feed consolidating all trades and quotes across the US stock market. Rather than the speed of the…

I consider an environment in which a decision maker faces uncertainty and privately holds information in the form of a signal about the true state of the world. The decision maker purchases additional information from a data broker before…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-02 Arlindo Skënderaj

In this paper incomplete-information models are developed for the pricing of securities in a stochastic interest rate setting. In particular we consider credit-risky assets that may include random recovery upon default. The market…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2010-06-04 Andrea Macrina , Priyanka A. Parbhoo

Information is replicable in that it can be simultaneously consumed and sold to others. We study how resale affects a decentralized market for information. We show that even if the initial seller is an informational monopolist, she captures…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-06 S. Nageeb Ali , Ayal Chen-Zion , Erik Lillethun

We address a fundamental problem that is systematically encountered when modeling complex systems: the limitedness of the information available. In the case of economic and financial networks, privacy issues severely limit the information…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-12-07 Giulio Cimini , Tiziano Squartini , Diego Garlaschelli , Andrea Gabrielli

We discuss the connection between information and copula theories by showing that a copula can be employed to decompose the information content of a multivariate distribution into marginal and dependence components, with the latter…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2011-10-26 Rafael S. Calsaverini , Renato Vicente

Representation learning produces models in different domains, such as store purchases, client transactions, and general people's behavior. However, such models for event sequences usually process each sequence in isolation, ignoring context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Petr Sokerin , Maria Kovaleva , Ekaterina Boyarina , Pavel Tikhomirov , Denis Vorobiyov , Alexey Zaytsev

Finding interdependency relations between (possibly multivariate) time series provides valuable knowledge about the processes that generate the signals. Information theory sets a natural framework for non-parametric measures of several…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-09 German Gomez-Herrero , Wei Wu , Kalle Rutanen , Miguel C. Soriano , Gordon Pipa , Raul Vicente

We study the pricing of credit derivatives with asymmetric information. The managers have complete information on the value process of the firm and on the default threshold, while the investors on the market have only partial observations,…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2010-02-18 Caroline Hillairet , Ying Jiao

Knowledge can be represented compactly in a multitude ways, from a set of propositional formulas, to a Kripke model, to a database. In this paper we study the aggregation of information coming from multiple sources, each source submitting a…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Francesco Belardinelli , Umberto Grandi

In an information aggregation game, a set of senders interact with a receiver through a mediator. Each sender observes the state of the world and communicates a message to the mediator, who recommends an action to the receiver based on the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-07-12 Itai Arieli , Ivan Geffner , Moshe Tennenholtz

An agent operating in an unknown dynamical system must learn its dynamics from observations. Active information gathering accelerates this learning, but existing methods derive bespoke costs for specific modeling choices: dynamics models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Fernando Palafox , Jingqi Li , Jesse Milzman , David Fridovich-Keil

A decision maker is choosing between an active action (e.g., purchase a house, invest certain stock) and a passive action. The payoff of the active action depends on the buyer's private type and also an unknown state of nature. An…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Shuze Liu , Weiran Shen , Haifeng Xu

Data buyers compete in a game of incomplete information about which a single data seller owns some payoff-relevant information. The seller faces a joint information- and mechanism-design problem: deciding which information to sell, while…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Alessandro Bonatti , Munther Dahleh , Thibaut Horel , Amir Nouripour

A seller posts a price for a single object. The seller's and buyer's values may be interdependent. We characterize the set of payoff vectors across all information structures. Simple feasibility and individual-rationality constraints…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-10 Navin Kartik , Weijie Zhong

This paper characterizes informational outcomes in a model of dynamic signaling with vanishing commitment power. It shows that contrary to popular belief, informative equilibria with payoff-relevant signaling can exist without requiring…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-05-17 Egor Starkov

Combining two or more items and selling them as one good, a practice called bundling, can be a very effective strategy for reducing the costs of producing, marketing, and selling goods. In this paper, we consider a form of multi-issue…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Koye Somefun , Tomas Klos , Han La Poutré