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To ensure adequate and economic reserve for primary frequency response in the current and future power system, this paper proposes real-time frequency response reserve (FRR) requirement based on system inertia. This minimum FRR will help…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-15 Shutang You

As the penetration of distributed energy resources increases, harnessing their flexibility becomes critical for power system operations. Virtual power plants (VPPs) offer a promising solution. However, existing VPP market scheduling tools…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Lorenzo Zapparoli , Blazhe Gjorgiev , Giovanni Sansavini

The integration of various energy resources with wind farms, results in improved market-aware management of wind generation variations. Consequently, the proposed method minimizes the negative impact associated with wind generation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-27 Ramin Nourollahi , Rasoul Esmaeilzadeh

An increase in the integration of Inverter Based Resources (IBRs) to the electric grid, will lead to a corresponding decrease in the amount of connected synchronous generators, resulting in a decline in the available rotational inertia…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-31 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

To stabilize the frequency of the renewable energy sources (RESs) dominated power system, frequency supports are required by RESs through virtual inertia emulation or droop control in the newly published grid codes. Since the long-term RES…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Yukang Shen , Wenchuan Wu , Shumin Sun , Bin Wang

Active distribution networks (ADNs) incorporating massive photovoltaic (PV) devices encounter challenges of rapid voltage fluctuations and potential violations. Due to the fluctuation and intermittency of PV generation, the state gap,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-28 Hong Cheng , Huan Luo , Zhi Liu , Wei Sun , Weitao Li , Qiyue Li

This paper suggests leveraging reactive power potential (RPP) embedded in wind farms to improve power system operational safety and optimality. First, three typical RPP provision approaches are analyzed and a two-stage robust linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-12 Yu Zhou , Zhengshuo Li

The deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based Volt-VAR optimization (VVO) methods have been widely studied for active distribution networks (ADNs). However, most of them lack safety guarantees in terms of power injection uncertainties due to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Zhengrong Chen , Siyao Cai , A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos

In modern power systems, shiftable loads contribute to the flexibility needed to increase robustness and ensure security. Thermal loads are among the most promising candidates for providing such service due to the large thermal storage time…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-01 Johanna Vorwerk , Uros Markovic , Petros Aristidou , Evangelos Vrettos , Gabriela Hug

Virtual oscillator control is the latest control technique for grid-forming inverters. Virtual Oscillator based Controllers (VOCs) provide all the steady-state droop functionalities of conventional droop controllers and, in addition, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-07 Ritwik Ghosh , Narsa Reddy Tummuru , Bharat Singh Rajpuohit

This paper presents the development of a non-linear model predictive controller (MPC) for controlling variable speed hydropower (VSHP) plants. The MPC coordinates the turbine controller with the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-04 Tor Inge Reigstad , Kjetil Uhlen

This paper presents a decentralized volt-var optimization (VVO) and network reconfiguration strategy to address the challenges arising from the growing integration of distributed energy resources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) generation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-10 Geunyeong Byeon , Kibaek Kim

The large-scale integration of inverter-interfaced renewable energy sources presents significant challenges to maintaining power balance and nominal frequency in modern power systems. This paper studies grid-level coordinated control of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Xiaoyang Wang , Xin Chen

Virtual inertia is an effective control approach to attenuate sudden voltage changes during transient events in low-inertia DC grids. While methods have been proposed to implement virtual inertia, its impact on DC grid stability in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-09 Hao Tu , Hui Yu , Srdjan Lukic

This study proposes a control strategy to ensure the safe operation of modern power systems with high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) within an optimal operation framework. The objective is to obtain operating points that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Francesca Rossi , Juan Carlos Olives-Camps , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

This paper introduces a framework to address the critical loss of transient stability caused by reduced inertia in grids with high inverter-based resource (IBR) penetration. The proposed method integrates a predictive deep learning (DL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Amin Masoumi , Mert Korkali

Increasing distributed energy resources (DERs) may result in reactive power imbalance in a transmission power system (TPS). An active distribution power system (DPS) having DERs reportedly can work as a reactive power prosumer to help…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Zhengshuo Li , Jianhui Wang , Hongbin Sun , Feng Qiu , Qinglai Guo

With the increased amount of volatile renewable energy sources connected to the electricity grid, and the phase-out of fossil fuel based power plants, there is an increased need for frequency regulation. On the demand side, frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-15 Felix Bünning , Joseph Warrington , Philipp Heer , Roy S. Smith , John Lygeros

The growing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into modern power systems poses significant challenges for maintaining reliable operation under dynamic and constrained conditions. This paper focuses on the power tracking problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Zixiao Ma , Baosen Zhang

We propose a novel hierarchical frequency and voltage control design for multi-area power system integrated with inverter-based resources (IBRs). The design is based on the idea of prioritizing the use of IBRs over conventional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-08 Rahul Chakraborty , Aranya Chakrabortty , Evangelos Farantatos , Mahendra Patel , Hossein Hooshyar , Atena Darvishi