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AI agents are becoming active decision-makers on the Internet. As they make decisions in the same environments as humans, the environments themselves can change to influence them. We call this $\textit{mecha-nudging}$: changes to how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Giulio Frey , Kawin Ethayarajh

Chatbots are more and more prevalent in commercial and science contexts. They help customers complain about a product or service or support them to find the best travel deals. Other bots provide mental health support or help book medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Doris Dippold

Chat-oriented dialogue systems designed to provide tangible benefits, such as sharing the latest news or preventing frailty in senior citizens, often require Proactive acquisition of specific user Information via chats on user-faVOred…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shiki Sato , Jun Baba , Asahi Hentona , Shinji Iwata , Akifumi Yoshimoto , Koichiro Yoshino

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping information retrieval by enabling interactive, generative, and inference-driven search. While traditional keyword-based search remains central to web and academic information access, it…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhitong Guan , Yi Wang

Assessing the quality of public transportation services requires the analysis of large quantities of data on the scheduled and actual trips and documents listing the quality constraints each service needs to meet. Interrogating such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Luca Fantin , Marco Antonelli , Margherita Cesetti , Daniele Irto , Bruno Zamengo , Francesco Silvestri

Human evaluators provide necessary contributions in evaluating large language models. In the context of Machine Translation (MT) systems for low-resource languages (LRLs), this is made even more apparent since popular automated metrics tend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Carlos Rafael Catalan

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, chatbots have emerged as a potent tool for various applications ranging from e-commerce to healthcare. This research delves into the intricacies of chatbot technology, from its…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Feriel Khennouche , Youssef Elmir , Nabil Djebari , Yassine Himeur , Abbes Amira

Recently, research into chatbots (also known as conversational agents, AI agents, voice assistants), which are computer applications using artificial intelligence to mimic human-like conversation, has grown sharply. Despite this growth,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Celeste Campos-Castillo , Xuan Kang , Linnea I. Laestadius

In the evolving landscape of digital education, chatbots have emerged as potential game-changers, promising personalized and adaptive learning experiences. This research undertook an in-depth exploration of ChatGPT's potential as an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Holger Arndt

The increasing trust in large language models (LLMs), especially in the form of chatbots, is often undermined by the lack of their extrinsic evaluation. This holds particularly true in nutrition, where randomised controlled trials (RCTs)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Karen Jia-Hui Li , Simone Balloccu , Ondrej Dusek , Ehud Reiter

Each day, individuals set behavioral goals such as eating healthier, exercising regularly, or increasing productivity. While psychological frameworks (i.e., goal setting and implementation intentions) can be helpful, they often need…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Michel Schimpf , Sebastian Maier , Anton Wyrowski , Lara Christoforakos , Stefan Feuerriegel , Thomas Bohné

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated human-level performance on a vast spectrum of natural language tasks. However, few studies have addressed the LLM threat and vulnerability from an ideology perspective, especially when they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Xiaotian Zhou , Qian Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Haixu Tang , Xiaozhong Liu

AI chatbots have made vast strides in technology improvement in recent years and are already operational in many industries. Advanced Natural Language Processing techniques, based on deep networks, efficiently process user requests to carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Nathan Dolbir , Triyasha Dastidar , Kaushik Roy

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLM), conversational assistants have become prevalent for domain use cases. LLMs acquire the ability to contextual question answering through training, and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mandar Kulkarni , Praveen Tangarajan , Kyung Kim , Anusua Trivedi

In recent years, the proliferation of smart mobile devices has lead to the gradual integration of search functionality within mobile platforms. This has created an incentive to move away from the "ten blue links'' metaphor, as mobile users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Pepa Atanasova , Georgi Karadzhov , Yasen Kiprov , Preslav Nakov , Fabrizio Sebastiani

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities in generating realistic text across diverse subjects. Concerns have been raised that they could be utilized to produce fake content with a deceptive intention, although evidence…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kai-Cheng Yang , Filippo Menczer

Moral foundations theory (MFT) is a psychological assessment tool that decomposes human moral reasoning into five factors, including care/harm, liberty/oppression, and sanctity/degradation (Graham et al., 2009). People vary in the weight…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Marwa Abdulhai , Gregory Serapio-Garcia , Clément Crepy , Daria Valter , John Canny , Natasha Jaques

The rise of LLMs has deflected a growing portion of human-computer interactions towards LLM-based chatbots. The remarkable abilities of these models allow users to interact using long, diverse natural language text covering a wide range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Shani Goren , Oren Kalinsky , Tomer Stav , Yuri Rapoport , Yaron Fairstein , Ram Yazdi , Nachshon Cohen , Alexander Libov , Guy Kushilevitz

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate an evaluation framework to ensure the safety and reliability of mental health chatbots, which are increasingly popular due to their accessibility, human-like interactions, and context-aware…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in social science simulations. While their performance on reasoning and optimization tasks has been extensively evaluated, less attention has been paid to their ability to simulate human…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yuanjun Feng , Vivek Choudhary , Yash Raj Shrestha