Related papers: The Behavior of a Three-Term Hofstadter-Like Recur…

We consider quantum dynamical systems specified by a unitary operator U and an initial state vector \phi. In each step the unitary is followed by a projective measurement checking whether the system has returned to the initial state. We…

Two-term recurrence relations are supplied for indefinite integrals of functions that involve factors of the types ${P_2}^n$, ${P_3}^n$, ${P_4}^n$, ${P_1}^m {Q_1}^n$, $E_1 {P_1}^n$, ${P_1}^m {Q_2}^n$, $E_1 {P_2}^n$, ${P_2}^m {Q_2}^n$,…

In the present paper, we are interested in classifying of Collatz sequences on based to the different behavior of these sequences when their lengths tend to infinity. A Collatz infinite sequence can be defined as an infinite ordered set of…

In this paper we propose a definition of a recurrence relation homomorphism and illustrate our definition with a few examples. We then define the period of a k-th order of linear recurrence relation and deduce certain preliminary results…

We study monic polynomials $Q_n(x)$ generated by a high order three-term recursion $xQ_n(x)=Q_{n+1}(x)+a_{n-p} Q_{n-p}(x)$ with arbitrary $p\geq 1$ and $a_n>0$ for all $n$. The recursion is encoded by a two-diagonal Hessenberg operator $H$.…

For an integer $q\ge2$, a $q$-recursive sequence is defined by recurrence relations on subsequences of indices modulo some powers of~$q$. In this article, $q$-recursive sequences are studied and the asymptotic behavior of their summatory…

The stochastic processes of finite length defined by recurrence relations request additional relations specifying the first terms of the process analogously to the initial conditions for the differential equations. As a general rule, in…

We show that essentially the Fibonacci sequence is the unique binary recurrence which contains infinitely many three-term arithmetic progressions. A criterion for general linear recurrences having infinitely many three-term arithmetic…

Let $(a_n)_{n\ge 1}$ be the greedy self-generating sequence defined by $a_1=1$, $a_2=2$, and, for $k\ge 3$, by taking $a_k$ to be the least integer greater than $a_{k-1}$ that can be written as a sum of at least two consecutive earlier…

In this note we investigate the solutions of certain meta-Fibonacci recurrences of the form $f(n)=f(n-f(n-1))+f(n-2)$ for various sets of initial conditions. In the case when $f(n)=1$ for $n\leq 1$, we prove that the resulting integer…

A constant term sequence is a sequence of rational numbers whose $n$-th term is the constant term of $P^n(\boldsymbol{x}) Q(\boldsymbol{x})$, where $P(\boldsymbol{x})$ and $Q(\boldsymbol{x})$ are multivariate Laurent polynomials. While the…

A nearly linear recurrence sequence (nlrs) is a complex sequence $(a_n)$ with the property that there exist complex numbers $A_0$,$\ldots$, $A_{d-1}$ such that the sequence $\big(a_{n+d}+A_{d-1}a_{n+d-1}+\cdots +A_0a_n\big)_{n=0}^{\infty}$…

It is well-known that for any non-constant polynomial $P$ with integer coefficients the sequence $(P(n))_{ n\in \mathbb N}$ has the property that there are infinitely many prime numbers dividing at least one term of this sequence.…

We derive a concise closed-form solution for a linear three-term recurrence relation. Such recurrence relations are very common in the quantitative sciences, and describe finite difference schemes, solutions to problems in Markov processes…

For a prime $p\ge 5$ let $q_0,q_1,\ldots,q_{(p-3)/2}$ be the quadratic residues modulo $p$ in increasing order. We study two $(p-3)/2$-periodic binary sequences $(d_n)$ and $(t_n)$ defined by $d_n=q_n+q_{n+1}\bmod 2$ and $t_n=1$ if…

We study the zero distribution of the sum of the first $n$ polynomials satisfying a three-term recurrence whose coefficients are linear polynomials. We also extend this sum to a linear combination, whose coefficients are powers of $az+b$…

For rings R with identity, we define a class of nonlinear higher order recurrences on unitary left R-modules that include linear recurrences as special cases. We obtain conditions under which a recurrence of order k+1 in this class is…

When flipping a fair coin, let $W = L_1L_2...L_N$ with $L_i\in\{H,T\}$ be a binary word of length $N=2$ or $N=3$. In this paper, we establish second- and third-order linear recurrence relations and their generating functions to discuss the…

We evaluate the nested sum $\sum_{a_{n - 1} = c}^{a_n } {\sum_{a_{n - 2} = c}^{a_{n - 1} } { \cdots \sum_{a_0 = c}^{a_1 } {x^{a_0 } } } }$ where $a_n$ and $c$ are any integers and $x$ is a real or complex variable. Consequently, we evaluate…

Suppose that $\mathcal{X}$ is a sequentially complete Hausdorff locally convex space over a scalar field $\mathbb{K}$, $V$ is a bounded subset of $\mathcal{X}$, $(a_n)_{n\ge 0}$ is a sequence in $\mathbb{K}\setminus\{0\}$ with the property\…