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We consider linear two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithms driven by martingale noise. Recent applications in machine learning motivate the need to understand finite-time error rates, but conventional stochastic approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Seo Taek Kong , Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan , R. Srikant

Federated Learning has gained traction in privacy-sensitive collaborative environments, with local SGD emerging as a key optimization method in decentralized settings. While its convergence properties are well-studied, asymptotic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Soham Bonnerjee , Sayar Karmakar , Wei Biao Wu

In this article we establish central limit theorems for multilevel Polyak-Ruppert averaged stochastic approximation schemes. We work under very mild technical assumptions and consider the slow regime in wich typical errors decay like…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-18 Steffen Dereich

This article explores combinations of weighted bootstraps, like the Bayesian bootstrap, with the bootstrap $t$ method for setting approximate confidence intervals for the mean of a random variable in small samples. For this problem the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Art B. Owen

This paper provides a non-asymptotic analysis of linear stochastic approximation (LSA) algorithms with fixed stepsize. This family of methods arises in many machine learning tasks and is used to obtain approximate solutions of a linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-03 Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines , Alexey Naumov , Sergey Samsonov , Kevin Scaman , Hoi-To Wai

We adapt Stein's method to obtain Berry--Esseen type error bounds in the multivariate central limit theorem for non-stationary processes generated by time-dependent compositions of uniformly expanding dynamical systems. In a particular case…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Juho Leppänen

We study the rate of convergence of linear two-time-scale stochastic approximation methods. We consider two-time-scale linear iterations driven by i.i.d. noise, prove some results on their asymptotic covariance and establish asymptotic…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Vijay R. Konda , John N. Tsitsiklis

In this paper we develop non-asymptotic Gaussian approximation results for the sampling distribution of suprema of empirical processes when the indexing function class $\mathcal{F}_n$ varies with the sample size $n$ and may not be Donsker.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Alexander Giessing

We propose and analyze a variant of the classic Polyak-Ruppert averaging scheme, broadly used in stochastic gradient methods. Rather than a uniform average of the iterates, we consider a weighted average, with weights decaying in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Gergely Neu , Lorenzo Rosasco

We study the finite-time convergence of projected linear two-time-scale stochastic approximation with constant step sizes and Polyak--Ruppert averaging. We establish an explicit mean-square error bound, decomposing it into two interpretable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Yitao Bai , Thinh T. Doan , Justin Romberg

We consider the problem of Gaussian multiplier bootstrap procedures for the $k$th largest statistics and functions of the top $k$ order statistics, which are commonly encountered in high-dimensional statistical inference. Such a problem has…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Yixi Ding , Qizhai Li , Yuke Shi , Liuquan Sun , Luobin Zhang

This paper provides estimation and inference methods for an identified set's boundary (i.e., support function) where the selection among a very large number of covariates is based on modern regularized tools. I characterize the boundary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-14 Vira Semenova

We consider the problem of finding confidence intervals for the risk of forecasting the future of a stationary, ergodic stochastic process, using a model estimated from the past of the process. We show that a bootstrap procedure provides…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-01 Robert Lunde , Cosma Rohilla Shalizi

We propose a stochastic approximation (SA) based method with randomization of samples for policy evaluation using the least squares temporal difference (LSTD) algorithm. Our proposed scheme is equivalent to running regular temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 L. A. Prashanth , Nathaniel Korda , Rémi Munos

We establish Gaussian approximation bounds for covariate and rank-matching-based Average Treatment Effect (ATE) estimators. By analyzing these estimators through the lens of stabilization theory, we employ the Malliavin-Stein method to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-25 Zhaoyang Shi , Chinmoy Bhattacharjee , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Wolfgang Polonik

We provide a Lyapunov type bound in the multivariate central limit theorem for sums of independent, but not necessarily identically distributed random vectors. The error in the normal approximation is estimated for certain classes of sets,…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-24 Martin Raič

We derive new and improved non-asymptotic deviation inequalities for the sample average approximation (SAA) of an optimization problem. Our results give strong error probability bounds that are "sub-Gaussian"~even when the randomness of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-28 Roberto I. Oliveira , Philip Thompson

In this paper, we derive rates of convergence in the high-dimensional central limit theorem for Polyak-Ruppert averaged iterates generated by the asynchronous Q-learning algorithm with a polynomial stepsize $k^{-\omega},\, \omega \in (1/2,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-09 Artemy Rubtsov , Sergey Samsonov , Vladimir Ulyanov , Alexey Naumov

In this paper we derive a Probably Approxilmately Correct(PAC)-Bayesian error bound for linear time-invariant (LTI) stochastic dynamical systems with inputs. Such bounds are widespread in machine learning, and they are useful for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-30 Deividas Eringis , John Leth , Zheng-Hua Tan , Rafael Wisniewski , Mihaly Petreczky

We study Q-learning with Polyak-Ruppert averaging in a discounted Markov decision process in synchronous and tabular settings. Under a Lipschitz condition, we establish a functional central limit theorem for the averaged iteration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-21 Xiang Li , Wenhao Yang , Jiadong Liang , Zhihua Zhang , Michael I. Jordan