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The fast algorithms in Fourier optics have invigorated multifunctional device design and advanced imaging technologies. However, the necessity for fast computations has led to limitations in the widely used conventional Fourier methods,…
We introduce a novel technique using closure amplitudes, inspired by radio interferometry, to determine with high angular resolution the two-dimensional profile of a light beam using an interferogram from a non-redundantly masked aperture.…
Visualization of internal deformation fields in crystalline materials helps bridge the gap between theoretical models and practical applications. Applying Bragg coherent diffraction imaging under X-ray dynamical diffraction conditions…
We characterize the fundamental limits of coded aperture imaging systems up to universal constants by drawing upon a theorem of Nazarov regarding Fourier transforms. Our work is performed under a simple propagation and sensor model that…
With the advent of microsphere assisted microscopy in 2011, this technique emerged as a simple and easy way to obtain optical super-resolution. Although the possible mechanisms of imaging by microspheres are debated in the literature, most…
Consistent in-focus input imagery is an essential precondition for machine vision systems to perceive the dynamic environment. A defocus blur severely degrades the performance of vision systems. To tackle this problem, we propose a…
Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) is extremely insensitive to sample morphology when implemented in a back-reflection geometry. The capabilities of this non-invasive technique for cultural heritage applications have been explored…
The optical resolution of a digital camera is one of its most crucial parameters with broad relevance for consumer electronics, surveillance systems, remote sensing, or medical imaging. However, resolution is physically limited by the…
Astronomers working with faint targets will benefit greatly from improved image quality on current and planned ground-based telescopes. At present, most adaptive optic systems are targeted at the highest resolution with bright guide stars.…
Future optical interferometric instrumentation mainly relies on the availability of an efficient cophasing system: once available, what has so far postponed the relevance of direct imaging with an interferometer will vanish. This paper…
Fluorescence microscopy is an important and extensively utilised tool for imaging biological systems. However, the image resolution that can be obtained has a limit as defined through the laws of diffraction. Demand for improved resolution…
Far-field characterization of small objects is severely constrained by the diffraction limit. Existing tools achieving sub-diffraction resolution often utilize point-by-point image reconstruction via scanning or labelling. Here, we present…
The principles of difference imaging outlined and the technique of Alard and Lupton (1997) is generalised to generate the best possible difference images to within the limits of measurement error. It is shown how for a large database of…
Adaptive Optics is a prime example of how progress in observational astronomy can be driven by technological developments. At many observatories it is now considered to be part of a standard instrumentation suite, enabling ground-based…
Atomic-resolution imaging with scanning transmission electron microscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the nanoscale structure of materials, in particular features such as defects, local strains, and symmetry-breaking distortions.…
I propose a spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) measurement scheme for the far-field imaging of spatially incoherent optical sources. For any object too small to be resolved by direct imaging under the diffraction limit, I show that SPADE…
The future success of integrated circuits (IC) technology relies on the continuing miniaturization of the feature size, allowing more components per chip and higher speed. Extreme anisotropy opens new opportunities for spatial pattern…
Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) provide sub-angstrom lateral resolution; however, the large convergence angle greatly reduces the depth of field. For microscopes with a small depth of field,…
Dark-field X-ray microscopy is a new full-field imaging technique that nondestructively maps the structure and local strain inside deeply embedded crystalline elements in three dimensions. Placing an objective lens in the diffracted beam…
The emergence of far-field super-resolution microscopy has rejuvenated the possibility for nanoscale imaging. Approaches to far-field super-resolution that utilize point scanning often depends on spatially reducing the size of the focused…