Related papers: What are kets?
In quantum theory, a measurement context is defined by an orthogonal basis in a Hilbert space, where each basis vector represents a specific measurement outcome. The precise quantitative relation between two different measurement contexts…
Let $V$ be a braided vector space, that is, a vector space together with a solution $\hat{R}\in {\text{End}}(V\otimes V)$ of the Yang--Baxter equation. Denote $T(V):=\bigoplus_k V^{\otimes k}$. We associate to $\hat{R}$ a solution…
We introduce two generalizations of bracket vectors from binary trees to permutrees. These new vectors help describe algebraic and geometric properties of the rotation lattice of permutrees defined by Pilaud and Pons. The first…
Our primary focus is on the theory of skew braces, specifically exploring their connection with combinatorial solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation. Skew braces have recently emerged as intriguing algebraic structures, and their link to the…
We examine links between the theory of braces and set theoretical solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, and fundamental concepts from the theory of quantum integrable systems. More precisely, we make connections with Hecke algebras and we…
Racks and quandles are rich algebraic structures that are strong enough to classify knots. Here we develop several fundamental categorical aspects of the theories of racks and quandles and their relation to the theory of permutations. In…
This paper argues that mathematical objects are constructions and that constructions introduce a flexibility in the ways that mathematical objects are represented (as sets of binary sequences for example) and presented (in a particular…
Principal angles are used to define an angle bivector of subspaces, which fully describes their relative inclination. Its exponential is related to the Clifford geometric product of blades, gives rotors connecting subspaces via minimal…
The spectral metric and Einstein functionals defined by two vector fields and Laplace-type operators over vector bundles, giving an interesting example of the spinor connection and square of the Dirac operator. Motivated by the spectral…
The existence of basket, flat plumbing and flat plumbing basket surfaces of a link was first proven from a braid representative of the link. In the present article, we show the existence of such surfaces from an induced graph of the link.…
Let $\alpha$ be a map from the set of all knot types ${\mathcal K}$ to a set $X$. Let $\beta$ be a map from ${\mathcal K}$ to a set $Y$. We define the relation between $\alpha$ and $\beta$ to be the image of a map $(\alpha,\beta)$ from…
We obtain recursion formulas for the Bethe vectors of models with periodic boundary conditions solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and based on the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_{n})$. We also present a sum…
This paper presents some of the basic properties of conditioned observables in finite-dimensional quantum mechanics. We begin by defining the sequential product of quantum effects and use this to define the sequential product of two…
Prominently used in support vector machines and logistic regressions, kernel functions (kernels) can implicitly map data points into high dimensional spaces and make it easier to learn complex decision boundaries. In this work, by replacing…
This article is one of a series of papers. For this decade, the Dirac operator on a submanifold has been studied as a restriction of the Dirac operator in $n$-dimensional euclidean space $\EE^n$ to a surface or a space curve as physical…
We associate to every quandle $X$ and an associative ring with unity $\mathbf{k}$, a nonassociative ring $\mathbf{k}[X]$ following [3]. The basic properties of such rings are investigated. In particular, under the assumption that the inner…
Functions with uniform sublevel sets can represent orders, preference relations or other binary relations and thus turn out to be a tool for scalarization that can be used in multicriteria optimization, decision theory, mathematical…
A new classification of real functions and other related real objects defined within a compact interval is proposed. The scope of the classification includes normal real functions and distributions in the sense of Schwartz, referred to…
We usually define an algebraic structure by a set, some operations defined on this set and some propositions that the algebraic structure must validate. In some cases, we can replace these propositions by an algorithm on terms constructed…
Our basic concept is the set $\mathcal{E}(H)$ of effects on a finite dimensional complex Hilbert space $H$. If $a,b\in\mathcal{E}(H)$, we define the sequential product $a[\mathcal{I}]b$ of $a$ then $b$. The sequential product depends on the…