Related papers: A classification of semi-equivelar gems of PL $d$-…
A \emph{semi-equivelar gem} of a PL $d$-manifold is a regular colored graph that represents the manifold and admits a regular embedding on a surface, such that the cyclic sequence of face degrees around each vertex is identical. In [1,4],…
We define the notion of $(p_0,p_1,\dots,p_d)$-type semi-equivelar gems for closed connected PL $d$-manifolds, related to the regular embedding of gems $\Gamma$ representing $M$ on a surface $S$ such that the face-cycles at all the vertices…
If the cyclic sequence of faces for all the vertices in a map are of same type, then the map is said to be a semi-equivelar map. In this article, we classify all the types of semi-equivelar maps on the surface of Euler genus 3, $i.e.$, on…
If the face\mbox{-}cycles at all the vertices in a map are of the same type, then the map is said to be a semi-equivelar map. Automorphism (symmetry) of a map can be thought of as a permutation of the vertices which preserves the…
Semi-Equivelar maps are generalizations of Archimedean Solids (as are equivelar maps of the Platonic solids) to the surfaces other than $2-$Sphere. We classify some semi equivelar maps on surface of Euler characteristic -1 and show that…
Semi-Equivelar maps are generalizations of Archimedean solids to the surfaces other than 2-sphere. In earlier work a complete classification of semi-equivelar map of type $(3^5, 4)$ on the surface of Euler characteristic -1 was given. In…
This} paper presents relations between least area and normal surfaces, embedded in either a Euclidean or hyperbolic $3$-manifold. A relaxed version of normal surfaces, termed quasi-normal, is introduced, and it is shown that under…
In this article, we introduce two new PL-invariants: weighted regular genus and weighted G-degree for manifolds with boundary. We first prove two inequalities involving some PL-invariants which state that for any PL-manifold $M$ with non…
Let $M$ be a compact 3-manifold with a triangulation $\tau$. We give an inequality relating the Euler characteristic of a surface $F$ normally embedded in $M$ with the number of normal quadrilaterals in $F$. This gives a relation between a…
We enumerate and classify all the semi equivelar maps on the surface of $ \chi=-2 $ with up to 12 vertices. We also determine which of these are vertex-transitive and which are not.
This article focuses on a class of properly edge-colored graphs, which arise from topological combinatorics, and investigates their embeddings onto surfaces. Specifically, these graphs are known as the dual graphs of balanced normal…
Within crystallization theory, two interesting PL invariants for $d$-manifolds have been introduced and studied, namely {\it gem-complexity} and {\it regular genus}. In the present paper we prove that, for any closed connected PL…
For $d\geq 2$, the regular genus of a closed connected PL $d$-manifold $M$ is the least genus (resp., half of the genus) of an orientable (resp., a non-orientable) surface into which a crystallization of $M$ imbeds regularly. The regular…
We revisit Allendoerfer-Weil's formula for the Euler characteristic of embedded hypersurfaces in constant sectional curvature manifolds, first taking some time to re-prove it while demonstrating techniques of [2] and then applying it to…
We show that many 3-manifold groups have no nonabelian surface subgroups. For example, any link of an isolated complex surface singularity has this property. In fact, we determine the exact class of closed graph-manifolds which have no…
Let $G$ be a graph embedded on a closed surface. We call $G$ a \emph{polyhedral embedding} if all facial walks are cycles, and any two of them are either disjoint or intersect in a single vertex or a single edge. In this paper, we present a…
We describe an algorithm to subdivide automatically a given set of PL n-manifolds (via coloured triangulations or, equivalently, via crystallizations) into classes whose elements are PL-homeomorphic. The algorithm, implemented in the case…
A vertex $v$ in a map $M$ has the face-sequence $(p_1 ^{n_1}. \ldots. p_k^{n_k})$, if there are $n_i$ numbers of $p_i$-gons incident at $v$ in the given cyclic order, for $1 \leq i \leq k$. A map $M$ is called a semi-equivelar map if each…
A theorem of Grove and Searle directly establishes that positive curvature 2d manifolds M with effective circular symmetry group of dimension 8 or less have positive Euler characteristic X(M): the fixed point set N consists of even…
We survey basic properties and bounds for $q$-equivelar and $d$-covered triangulations of closed surfaces. Included in the survey is a list of the known sources for $q$-equivelar and $d$-covered triangulations. We identify all orientable…