English

A classification of semi-equivelar gems on the double torus

Geometric Topology 2025-12-16 v1

Abstract

A \emph{semi-equivelar gem} of a PL dd-manifold is a regular colored graph that represents the manifold and admits a regular embedding on a surface, such that the cyclic sequence of face degrees around each vertex is identical. In [1,4], semi-equivelar gems of PL dd-manifolds embedded on surfaces with Euler characteristic χ1\chi \geq -1 were classified. In this paper, we extend this classification to semi-equivelar gems embedded on the double torus. We show that any such gem must belong to one of the following 31 types: (45)(4^5), (64)(6^4), (43,6)(4^3,6), (43,8)(4^3,8), (43,12)(4^3,12), (42,62)(4^2,6^2), (4,6,4,6)(4,6,4,6), (42,82)(4^2,8^2), (4,8,4,8)(4,8,4,8), (83)(8^3), (103)(10^3), (62,8)(6^2,8), (62,10)(6^2,10), (62,12)(6^2,12), (62,18)(6^2,18), (102,4)(10^2,4), (122,4)(12^2,4), (162,4)(16^2,4), (82,6)(8^2,6), (122,6)(12^2,6), (4,6,14)(4,6,14), (4,6,16)(4,6,16), (4,6,18)(4,6,18), (4,6,20)(4,6,20), (4,6,24)(4,6,24), (4,6,36)(4,6,36), (4,8,10)(4,8,10), (4,8,12)(4,8,12), (4,8,16)(4,8,16), (4,8,24)(4,8,24), and (4,10,20)(4,10,20). Furthermore, we provide explicit constructions of semi-equivelar gems realizing each of these types.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.13135,
  title  = {A classification of semi-equivelar gems on the double torus},
  author = {Anshu Agarwal and Biplab Basak and Debolina Ghosh},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.13135},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

20 pages, 22 figures