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We introduce a new model of \emph{step} Chemical Reaction Networks (step CRNs), motivated by the step-wise addition of materials in standard lab procedures. Step CRNs have ordered reactants that transform into products via reaction rules…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) provide a convenient language for modelling a broad variety of biological systems. These models are commonly studied with respect to the time series they generate in deterministic or stochastic simulations.…
Formal methods have enabled breakthroughs in many fields, such as in hardware verification, machine learning and biological systems. The key object of interest in systems biology, synthetic biology, and molecular programming is chemical…
Molecular circuits capable of autonomous learning could unlock novel applications in fields such as bioengineering and synthetic biology. To this end, existing chemical implementations of neural computing have mainly relied on emulating…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) model the behavior of molecules in a well-mixed system. The emerging field of molecular programming uses CRNs not only as a descriptive tool, but as a programming language for chemical computation.…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) model systems where molecules interact according to a finite set of reactions such as $A + B \to C$, representing that if a molecule of $A$ and $B$ collide, they disappear and a molecule of $C$ is produced.…
This paper studies the (discrete) \emph{chemical reaction network (CRN)} computational model that emerged in the last two decades as an abstraction for molecular programming. The correctness of CRN protocols is typically established under…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) formally model chemistry in a well-mixed solution. CRNs are widely used to describe information processing occurring in natural cellular regulatory networks, and with upcoming advances in synthetic biology,…
Stochastic chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are complex systems which combine the features of concurrent transformation of multiple variables in each elementary reaction event, and nonlinear relations between states and their rates of…
Coupled chemical interactions in a well-mixed solution are commonly formalized as chemical reaction networks (CRNs). However, despite the widespread use of CRNs in the natural sciences, the range of computational behaviors exhibited by CRNs…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) model the behavior of chemical reactions in well-mixed solutions and they can be designed to perform computations. In this tutorial we give an overview of various computational models for CRNs. Moreover, we…
Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) provide a useful abstraction of molecular interaction networks in which molecular structures as well as mass conservation principles are abstracted away to focus on the main dynamical properties of the…
Across many disciplines, chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are an established population model defined as a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. In many applications, for example, in systems biology and epidemiology,…
We derive the nonequilibrium conductance matrix for open stationary Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) described by a deterministic mass action kinetic equation. As an illustration, we determine the nonequilibrium conductance matrix of a CRN…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are fundamental computational models used to study the behavior of chemical reactions in well-mixed solutions. They have been used extensively to model a broad range of biological systems, and are primarily…
We consider how to generate chemical reaction networks (CRNs) from functional specifications. We propose a two-stage approach that combines synthesis by satisfiability modulo theories and Markov chain Monte Carlo based optimisation. First,…
Embedding computation in biochemical environments incompatible with traditional electronics is expected to have wide-ranging impact in synthetic biology, medicine, nanofabrication and other fields. Natural biochemical systems are typically…
The dynamics of a chemical reaction network (CRN) is often modelled under the assumption of mass action kinetics by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with polynomial right-hand sides that describe the time evolution of…
In order to fully exploit the potential of molecular communication (MC) for intra-body communication, practically implementable cellular receivers are an important long-term goal. A variety of receiver architectures based on chemical…
We study the model of continuous chemical reaction networks (CRNs), consisting of reactions such as $A+B \to C+D$ that can transform some continuous, nonnegative real-valued quantity (called a *concentration*) of chemical species $A$ and…