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Information processing relying on biochemical interactions in the cellular environment is essential for biological organisms. The implementation of molecular computational systems holds significant interest and potential in the fields of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Yuzhen Fan , Xiaoyu Zhang , Chuanhou Gao , Denis Dochain

Chemical reactions that couple to systems that phase separate have been implicated in diverse contexts from biology to materials science. However, how a particular set of chemical reactions (chemical reaction network, CRN) would affect the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-25 Dino Osmanovic , Elisa Franco

Counterexample generation is an indispensable part of model checking process. In stochastic model checking, counterexample generation is a challenging problem as it is not enough to find a single trace that violates the given property.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Mohammad Ahmadi , Zhen Zhang , Chris Myers , Chris Winstead , Hao Zheng

Biological regulatory networks depend upon chemical interactions to process information. Engineering such molecular computing systems is a major challenge for synthetic biology and related fields. The chemical reaction network (CRN) model…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Cameron Chalk , Niels Kornerup , Wyatt Reeves , David Soloveichik

The asymptotic properties of some Markov processes associated to stochastic chemical reaction networks (CRNs) driven by the kinetics of the law of mass action are analyzed. The scaling regime introduced in the paper assumes that the norm of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Lucie Laurence , Philippe Robert

The popularity of molecular computation has given rise to several models of abstraction, one of the more recent ones being Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs). These are equivalent to other popular computational models, such as Vector…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Robert M. Alaniz , Bin Fu , Timothy Gomez , Elise Grizzell , Andrew Rodriguez , Marco Rodriguez , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

This paper presents new results about the optimization based generation of chemical reaction networks (CRNs) of higher deficiency. Firstly, it is shown that the graph structure of the realization containing the maximal number of reactions…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2011-03-23 Gabor Szederkenyi , Katalin M. Hangos , Tamas Peni

Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) are a well-established model of distributed computing characterized by quantities of molecular species that can transform or change through applications of reactions. A fundamental problem in CRNs is the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Divya Bajaj , Bin Fu , Ryan Knobel , Austin Luchsinger , Aiden Massie , Pablo Santos , Ramiro Santos , Robert Schweller , Evan Tomai , Tim Wylie

The ability to detect whether a species (or dimension) is zero in Chemical Reaction Networks (CRN), Vector Addition Systems, or Petri Nets is known to increase the power of these models -- making them capable of universal computation. While…

The Chemical Reaction Network (CRN) is a well-studied model that describes the interaction of molecules in well-mixed solutions. In 2014, Qian and Winfree [22] proposed the abstract surface chemical reaction network model (sCRN), which…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yi-Xuan Lee , Ho-Lin Chen

We present two quantitative behavioral equivalences over species of a chemical reaction network (CRN) with semantics based on ordinary differential equations. Forward CRN bisimulation identifies a partition where each equivalence class…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-16 Luca Cardelli , Mirco Tribastone , Max Tschaikowski , Andrea Vandin

Stochastic evolution of Chemical Reactions Networks (CRNs) over time is usually analysed through solving the Chemical Master Equation (CME) or performing extensive simulations. Analysing stochasticity is often needed, particularly when some…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Luca Laurenti , Luca Cardelli , Marta Kwiatkowska

Living systems operate out of equilibrium, continuously consuming energy to sustain organised, functional states. Their emergent behaviour usually relies on a set of interconnected chemical reaction networks (CRNs) driven by external fluxes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-03 Shiling Liang , Paolo De Los Rios , Daniel Maria Busiello

Analysis of large continuous-time stochastic systems is a computationally intensive task. In this work we focus on population models arising from chemical reaction networks (CRNs), which play a fundamental role in analysis and design of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Milan Češka , Jan Křetínský

A chemical reaction network (CRN) is composed of reactions that can be seen as interactions among entities called species, which exist within the system. Endowed with kinetics, CRN has a corresponding set of ordinary differential equations…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Bryan S. Hernandez , Ralph John L. De la Cruz

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are foundational models for describing complex biochemical processes. We study noncompetitive CRNs, a class of networks whose static states are rate-independent, and that can implement ReLU neural networks.…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-22 Louis Faul , Xavier Richard , Mary Betrisey , Christian Mazza

We address a fundamental question: under which conditions do the dynamics and thermodynamics of open chemical reaction networks (CRNs), grounded on the notion of idealized chemostats that exchange selected species, emerge from underlying…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-17 Benedikt Remlein , Massimiliano Esposito , Francesco Avanzini

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are a standard formalism used in chemistry and biology to reason about the dynamics of molecular interaction networks. In their interpretation by ordinary differential equations, CRNs provide a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-28 Mathieu Hemery , François Fages , Sylvain Soliman

We investigate the dynamics of chemical reaction networks (CRNs) with the goal of deriving an upper bound on their reaction rates. This task is challenging due to the nonlinear nature and discrete structure inherent in CRNs. To address…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Tsuyoshi Mizohata , Tetsuya J. Kobayashi , Louis-S. Bouchard , Hideyuki Miyahara

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are directed graphs with reactant or product complexes as vertices, and reactions as arcs. A CRN is weakly reversible if each of its connected components is strongly connected. Weakly reversible networks…