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A deterministic finite automaton is directable if it has a directing word which takes the automaton from every state to the same state. These notions have been extended also to other kinds of automata. Thus, B.~Imreh and M.~Steinby (1999)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Magnus Steinby

In this paper, we show that every D3-directing CNFA can be mapped uniquely to a DFA with the same synchronizing word length. This implies that \v{C}ern\'y's conjecture generalizes to CNFAs and that the general upper bound for the length of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-24 Henk Don , Hans Zantema

We tackle the problem of the randomized generation of slowly synchronizing deterministic automata (DFAs) by generating random primitive sets of matrices. We show that when the randomized procedure is too simple the exponent of the generated…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Costanza Catalano , Raphaël M. Jungers

Given an order of the underlying alphabet we can lift it to the states of a finite deterministic automaton: to compare states we use the order of the strings reaching them. When the order on strings is the co-lexicographic one \emph{and}…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Giovanna D'Agostino , Davide Martincigh , Alberto Policriti

This paper presents and analyzes an incremental algorithm for the construction of Acyclic Non-deterministic Finite-state Automata (NFA). Automata of this type are quite useful in computational linguistics, especially for storing lexicons.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Kyriakos N. Sgarbas , Nikos D. Fakotakis , George K. Kokkinakis

Deterministic Finite Automata (DFAs) are of central importance in automata theory. In view of how state diagrams for DFAs are defined using directed graphs, this leads us to introduce a generalization of DFAs related to a method widely used…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-18 John M. Campbell

We introduce deterministic suffix-reading automata (DSA), a new automaton model over finite words. Transitions in a DSA are labeled with words. From a state, a DSA triggers an outgoing transition on seeing a word ending with the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-31 R Keerthan , B Srivathsan , R Venkatesh , Sagar Verma

We introduce deterministic suffix-reading automata (DSA), a new automaton model over finite words. Transitions in a DSA are labeled with words. From a state, a DSA triggers an outgoing transition on seeing a word ending with the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 R Keerthan , B Srivathsan , R Venkatesh , Sagar Verma

We study extremal and algorithmic questions of subset and careful synchronization in monotonic automata. We show that several synchronization problems that are hard in general automata can be solved in polynomial time in monotonic automata,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Andrew Ryzhikov , Anton Shemyakov

Families of DFAs (FDFAs) provide an alternative formalism for recognizing $\omega$-regular languages. The motivation for introducing them was a desired correlation between the automaton states and right congruence relations, in a manner…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Dana Angluin , Udi Boker , Dana Fisman

We compute all synchronizing DFAs with 7 states and synchronization length >= 29. Furthermore, we compute alphabet size ranges for maximal, minimal and semi-minimal synchronizing DFAs with up to 7 states.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Michiel de Bondt

We study a connection between synchronizing automata and its set $M$ of minimal reset words, i.e., such that no proper factor is a reset word. We first show that any synchronizing automaton having the set of minimal reset words whose set of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Emanuele Rodaro

A deterministic finite-state automaton (FSA) is an abstract sequential machine that reads the symbols comprising an input word one at a time. An FSA is symmetric if its output is independent of the order in which the input symbols are read,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-06 David Pritchard

Analogous to regular string and tree languages, regular languages of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are defined in the literature. Although called regular, those DAG-languages are more powerful and, consequently, standard problems have a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yvo Ad Meeres

An automaton is synchronizing if there is a word that maps all states onto the same state. \v{C}ern\'{y}'s conjecture on the length of the shortest such word is probably the most famous open problem in automata theory. We consider the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Natalie C. Behague , J. Robert Johnson

A complete deterministic finite (semi)automaton (DFA) with a set of states $Q$ is \emph{completely reachable} if every nonempty subset of $Q$ is the image of the action of some word applied to $Q$. The concept of completely reachable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Robert Ferens , Marek Szykuła

Large language models (LLMs) often benefit from verbalized reasoning at inference time, but it remains unclear which aspects of task difficulty these extra reasoning tokens address. To investigate this question, we formalize a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Celine Lee , Alexander M. Rush , Keyon Vafa

A word $w$ is called a reaching word of a subset $S$ of states in a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) if $S$ is the image of $Q$ under the action of $w$. A DFA is called completely reachable if every non-empty subset of the state set has…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yinfeng Zhu

We revisit the popular \emph{delayed deterministic finite automaton} (\ddfa{}) compression algorithm introduced by Kumar~et~al.~[SIGCOMM 2006] for compressing deterministic finite automata (DFAs) used in intrusion detection systems. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Max Rishøj Pedersen

We study a variant of the synchronization game on finite deterministic automata. In this game, Alice chooses one input letter of an automaton $A$ on each of her moves while Bob may respond with an arbitrary finite word over the input…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Anton E. Lipin , Mikhail V. Volkov