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The dilemma between plasticity and stability presents a significant challenge in Incremental Learning (IL), especially in the exemplar-free scenario where accessing old-task samples is strictly prohibited during the learning of a new task.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Wenju Sun , Qingyong Li , Wen Wang , Yangli-ao Geng

Continual learning (CL) suffers from catastrophic forgetting, which is exacerbated in domain-incremental learning (DIL) where task identifiers are unavailable and storing past data is infeasible. While prompt-based CL (PCL) adapts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Gyutae Oh , Jungwoo Bae , Jitae Shin

Prompt learning has become one of the most efficient paradigms for adapting large pre-trained vision-language models to downstream tasks. Current state-of-the-art methods, like CoOp and ProDA, tend to adopt soft prompts to learn an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Sifan Long , Zhen Zhao , Junkun Yuan , Zichang Tan , Jiangjiang Liu , Luping Zhou , Shengsheng Wang , Jingdong Wang

A desirable dialog system should be able to continually learn new skills without forgetting old ones, and thereby adapt to new domains or tasks in its life cycle. However, continually training a model often leads to a well-known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Qi Zhu , Bing Li , Fei Mi , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to acquire new classes over time while retaining prior knowledge, yet most setups and methods assume balanced task streams. In practice, the number of classes per task often varies significantly. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Xiaoyan Zhang , Jiangpeng He

Continual learning is a learning paradigm that learns tasks sequentially with resources constraints, in which the key challenge is stability-plasticity dilemma, i.e., it is uneasy to simultaneously have the stability to prevent catastrophic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Yajing Kong , Liu Liu , Zhen Wang , Dacheng Tao

Prompt learning is an effective way to exploit the potential of large-scale pre-trained foundational models. Continuous prompts parameterize context tokens in prompts by turning them into differentiable vectors. Deep continuous prompts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhenhan Huang , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

Comprehending natural language and following human instructions are critical capabilities for intelligent agents. However, the flexibility of linguistic instructions induces substantial ambiguity across language-conditioned tasks, severely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Runpeng Xie , Quanwei Wang , Hao Hu , Zherui Zhou , Ni Mu , Xiyun Li , Yiqin Yang , Shuang Xu , Qianchuan Zhao , Bo XU

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) requires models to continuously acquire new classes without forgetting previously learned ones. A dominant paradigm involves freezing a pre-trained model and training lightweight, task-specific adapters.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ruiqi Liu , Boyu Diao , Zijia An , Zhulin An , Fei Wang , Yongjun Xu

This paper introduces Dynamic Embeddings with Task-Oriented prompting (DETOT), a novel approach aimed at improving the adaptability and efficiency of machine learning models by implementing a flexible embedding layer. Unlike traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Allmin Balloccu , Jack Zhang

Large-scale text-to-image generative models have been a ground-breaking development in generative AI, with diffusion models showing their astounding ability to synthesize convincing images following an input text prompt. The goal of image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Kai Wang , Fei Yang , Shiqi Yang , Muhammad Atif Butt , Joost van de Weijer

One of the objectives of continual learning is to prevent catastrophic forgetting in learning multiple tasks sequentially, and the existing solutions have been driven by the conceptualization of the plasticity-stability dilemma. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Seungyub Han , Yeongmo Kim , Taehyun Cho , Jungwoo Lee

Continual learning (CL) empowers pre-trained vision-language models to adapt effectively to novel or previously underrepresented data distributions without comprehensive retraining, enhancing their adaptability and efficiency. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Zhiyuan Wang , Bokui Chen

The dynamic expansion architecture is becoming popular in class incremental learning, mainly due to its advantages in alleviating catastrophic forgetting. However, task confusion is not well assessed within this framework, e.g., the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Bingchen Huang , Zhineng Chen , Peng Zhou , Jiayin Chen , Zuxuan Wu

Finding appropriate prompts for the specific task has become an important issue as the usage of Large Language Models (LLM) has expanded. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is widely used for prompt tuning, but its inherent instability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Minchan Kwon , Gaeun Kim , Jongsuk Kim , Haeil Lee , Junmo Kim

A significant challenge in achieving ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence is the limited ability of models to rapidly learn new information in real-world scenarios where data follows long-tailed distributions, all while avoiding forgetting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Siddeshwar Raghavan , Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Recent advances in pre-trained language models have improved the performance for text classification tasks. However, little attention is paid to the priority scheduling strategy on the samples during training. Humans acquire knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Xulong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Jing Xiao

The key challenge of cross-modal domain-incremental learning (DIL) is to enable the learning model to continuously learn from novel data with different feature distributions under the same task without forgetting old ones. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yu Feng , Zhen Tian , Yifan Zhu , Zongfu Han , Haoran Luo , Guangwei Zhang , Meina Song

The task of Long-tailed Class Incremental Learning (LT-CIL) addresses the sequential learning of new classes from datasets with imbalanced class distributions. This scenario intensifies the fundamental problem of catastrophic forgetting,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Taigo Sakai , Kazuhiro Hotta

Task-free online continual learning has recently emerged as a realistic paradigm for addressing continual learning in dynamic, real-world environments, where data arrive in a non-stationary stream without clear task boundaries and can only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Seoyoung Park , Haemin Lee , Hankook Lee