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As a new type of microgrid structure, AC-DC hybrid microgrid can efficiently consume new energy distributed generator based on photovoltaics, which is very suitable for microgrid systems with electric vehicles as the main load. Unlike the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Wang Jingsong , Gong Chengming

Transient frequency dips that follow sudden power imbalances --frequency Nadir-- represent a big challenge for frequency stability of low-inertia power systems. Since low inertia is identified as one of the causes for deep frequency Nadir,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-15 Yan Jiang , Eliza Cohn , Petr Vorobev , Enrique Mallada

We propose a novel frequency control approach in between centralized and distributed architectures, that is a continuous-time feedback control version of the dual decomposition optimization method. Specifically, a convex combination of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-10 Florian Dörfler , Sergio Grammatico

In this paper, we study a constrained network flow problem and associated networked dynamics that resemble but are distinct from the well-known primal-dual dynamics of the constrained flow problem. Crucially, under a change of coordinates,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Amirhossein Iraniparast , Dominic Groß

The rise in residential photovoltaics and other distributed energy sources poses unprecedented challenges for the operation of power distribution grids. When high amounts of active power are injected into the grid by such power sources, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-01 Jonas G. Matt , Lukas Ortmann , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

This work establishes the equivalence of selected grid-forming control algorithms within the context of simplified theoretical models. Considered algorithms are droop control, Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) and matching control. It is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-01 Aidar Zhetessov

Large-scale AI training workloads in modern data centers exhibit rapid and periodic power fluctuations, which may induce significant voltage deviations in power distribution systems. Existing voltage regulation methods, such as droop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 Mingyuan Yan , Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang , Yize Chen , Wenqi Cui

This paper develops a new analytical model to estimate real-time variations in grid frequency and voltages resulting from dynamic network reconfiguration (DNR). In the proposed model, switching operations are considered as discrete…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-15 Jae-Young Park , Young-Jin Kim

Most previously proposed controllers are analyzed in the small-signal/quasi-steady regime rather than large-signal or transient stability for grid-forming inverters (GFMI). Additionally, methods that presume system-wide data--global…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Qianxi Tang , Li Peng

We present a full review of PID passivity-based controllers (PBC) applied to power electronic converters, discussing limitations, unprecedented merits and potential improvements in terms of large-signal stability, robustness and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-24 Daniele Zonetti , Gilbert Bergna-Diaz , Romeo Ortega , Nima Monshizadeh

We present a novel grid-forming control design approach for dynamic virtual power plants (DVPP). We consider a group of heterogeneous grid-forming distributed energy resources (DER) which collectively provide desired dynamic ancillary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-01 Verena Häberle , Ali Tayyebi , Xiuqiang He , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler

This work investigates the transient and dynamical behavior of hybrid AC/DC systems using dual-port grid-forming (GFM) control. A generalized modeling framework for hybrid AC/DC networks is first introduced that accounts for converter,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß , Alexander Winkens , Julian Jansen , Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Andreas Ulbig

This paper presents an improved droop control method to ensure effective power sharing, voltage regulation, and frequency stabilization of inverter-based resources (IBRs) connected in parallel in an islanded AC microgrid. In the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Ayobami Olajube , Koto Omiloli , Satish Vedula , Olugbenga Anubi

We consider the problem of stability analysis for distribution grids with droop-controlled inverters and dynamic distribution power lines. The inverters are modeled as voltage sources with controllable frequency and amplitude. This problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Stefanos Baros , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Francis O'Sullivan

This paper proposes a novel control for Inverter-based Resources (IBRs) based on the Complex Frequency (CF) concept. The controller's objective is to maintain a constant CF of the voltage at the terminals of the IBR by adjusting its current…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-06 R. Bernal , F. Milano

This paper addresses frequency regulation under operational constraints in interconnected power systems with high penetration of inverter-based renewable generation. A two-layer control architecture is proposed that combines optimized droop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Jose A. Solano-Castellanos , Hassan Haes Alhelou , Ali T. Al- Awami , Mohannad Alkhraijah , Anuradha M. Annaswamy

One of the most important challenges facing an electric grid is to incorporate renewables and distributed energy resources (DERs) to the grid. Because of the associated uncertainties in power generations and peak power demands,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-15 Mayank Baranwal , Srinivasa M. Salapaka

In scenarios where high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) is connected to the grid over long distances, the output of RES exhibits significant fluctuations, making it difficult to accurately characterize. The intermittency and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Yuhong Wang , Xinyao Wang , Chen Shen , Jianquan Liao , Qianni Cao , Yufei Teng , Huabo Shi , Gang Chen

We propose a decentralized framework to analytically guarantee the small-signal stability of future power systems with grid-forming converters. Our approach leverages dynamic loop-shifting techniques to compensate for the lack of passivity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Verena Häberle , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Florian Dörfler , Steven Low

Implementing frequency response using grid-connected inverters is one of the popular proposed alternatives to mitigate the dynamic degradation experienced in low inertia power systems. However, such solution faces several challenges as…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Yan Jiang , Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada