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Information retrieval systems have traditionally relied on exact term match methods such as BM25 for first-stage retrieval. However, recent advancements in neural network-based techniques have introduced a new method called dense retrieval.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ahmed H. Salamah , Pierre McWhannel , Nicole Yan

Constructing responses in task-oriented dialogue systems typically relies on information sources such the current dialogue state or external databases. This paper presents a novel approach to knowledge-grounded response generation that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Nicholas Thomas Walker , Stefan Ultes , Pierre Lison

Information-seeking dialogues span a wide range of questions, from simple factoid to complex queries that require exploring multiple facets and viewpoints. When performing exploratory searches in unfamiliar domains, users may lack…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Weronika Łajewska , Krisztian Balog , Damiano Spina , Johanne Trippas

Question Under Discussion (QUD), which is originally a linguistic analytic framework, gains increasing attention in the community of natural language processing over the years. Various models have been proposed for implementing QUD for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Yingxue Fu

Enterprise conversational AI systems are becoming increasingly popular to assist users in completing daily tasks such as those in marketing and customer management. However, new users often struggle to ask effective questions, especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xiaobin Shen , Daniel Lee , Sumit Ranjan , Sai Sree Harsha , Pawan Sevak , Yunyao Li

Existing pipelined task-oriented dialogue systems usually have difficulties adapting to unseen domains, whereas end-to-end systems are plagued by large-scale knowledge bases in practice. In this paper, we introduce a novel query-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Xin Tian , Yingzhan Lin , Mengfei Song , Siqi Bao , Fan Wang , Huang He , Shuqi Sun , Hua Wu

Human conversations contain many types of information, e.g., knowledge, common sense, and language habits. In this paper, we propose a conversational word embedding method named PR-Embedding, which utilizes the conversation pairs $…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Wentao Ma , Yiming Cui , Ting Liu , Dong Wang , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

The field of conversational information seeking, which is rapidly gaining interest in both academia and industry, is changing how we interact with search engines through natural language interactions. Existing datasets and methods are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Chris Samarinas , Hamed Zamani

Dialogue engines that incorporate different types of agents to converse with humans are popular. However, conversations are dynamic in the sense that a selected response will change the conversation on-the-fly, influencing the subsequent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Asir Saeed , Khai Mai , Pham Minh , Nguyen Tuan Duc , Danushka Bollegala

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems and large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots have significantly advanced conversational AI by combining generative capabilities with external knowledge retrieval. Despite their success,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Priyaranjan Pattnayak , Amit Agarwal , Hansa Meghwani , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Srikant Panda

Retrieval-based chatbots leverage human-verified Q\&A knowledge to deliver accurate, verifiable responses, making them ideal for customer-centric applications where compliance with regulatory and operational standards is critical. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Mengze Hong , Chen Jason Zhang , Di Jiang , Yuanqin He

Conversational user queries are increasingly challenging traditional e-commerce platforms, whose search systems are typically optimized for keyword-based queries. We present an LLM-based semantic search framework that effectively captures…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Emad Siddiqui , Venkatesh Terikuti , Xuan Lu

Existing conversational search studies mainly focused on asking better clarifying questions and/or improving search result quality. These works aim at retrieving better responses according to the search context, and their performances are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Zhenduo Wang , Zhichao Xu , Qingyao Ai

Despite their popularity in the chatbot literature, retrieval-based models have had modest impact on task-oriented dialogue systems, with the main obstacle to their application being the low-data regime of most task-oriented dialogue tasks.…

We present a system, Spoke, for creating and searching internal knowledge base (KB) articles for organizations. Spoke is available as a SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) product deployed across hundreds of organizations with a diverse set of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Rajhans Samdani , Pierre Rappolt , Ankit Goyal , Pratyus Patnaik

Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using static multi-turn datasets fails to capture the dynamic nature of real-world dialogues. Existing evaluation methods rely on predefined datasets, which restrict them to static,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lorenz Brehme , Benedikt Dornauer , Jan-Henrik Böttcher , Klaus Schmid , Mircea-Cristian Racasan , Ruth Breu

Dialogue benchmarks are crucial in training and evaluating chatbots engaging in domain-specific conversations. Knowledge graphs (KGs) represent semantically rich and well-organized data spanning various domains, such as DBLP, DBpedia, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Reham Omar , Omij Mangukiya , Essam Mansour

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) for healthcare question answering requires robust methods to ensure accuracy and reliability. This work introduces Query-Based Retrieval Augmented Generation (QB-RAG), a framework for enhancing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Eric Yang , Jonathan Amar , Jong Ha Lee , Bhawesh Kumar , Yugang Jia

This research aims to explore various methods for assessing user feedback in mixed-initiative conversational search (CS) systems. While CS systems enjoy profuse advancements across multiple aspects, recent research fails to successfully…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Paul Owoicho , Ivan Sekulić , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Jeffrey Dalton , Fabio Crestani

Most research on question answering focuses on the pre-deployment stage; i.e., building an accurate model for deployment. In this paper, we ask the question: Can we improve QA systems further \emph{post-}deployment based on user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Zichao Li , Prakhar Sharma , Xing Han Lu , Jackie C. K. Cheung , Siva Reddy