English

Dense Passage Retrieval in Conversational Search

Information Retrieval 2025-03-25 v1

Abstract

Information retrieval systems have traditionally relied on exact term match methods such as BM25 for first-stage retrieval. However, recent advancements in neural network-based techniques have introduced a new method called dense retrieval. This approach uses a dual-encoder to create contextual embeddings that can be indexed and clustered efficiently at run-time, resulting in improved retrieval performance in Open-domain Question Answering systems. In this paper, we apply the dense retrieval technique to conversational search by conducting experiments on the CAsT benchmark dataset. We also propose an end-to-end conversational search system called GPT2QR+DPR, which incorporates various query reformulation strategies to improve retrieval accuracy. Our findings indicate that dense retrieval outperforms BM25 even without extensive fine-tuning. Our work contributes to the growing body of research on neural-based retrieval methods in conversational search, and highlights the potential of dense retrieval in improving retrieval accuracy in conversational search systems.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2503.17507,
  title  = {Dense Passage Retrieval in Conversational Search},
  author = {Ahmed H. Salamah and Pierre McWhannel and Nicole Yan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.17507},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T22:30:27.190Z