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Non-invasive morphological assessment is the cornerstone of oocyte and embryo selection in assisted reproductive technology, yet clinical practice remains limited by two-dimensional, qualitative microscopy. While three-dimensional (3D)…
Inverse scattering problems without the phase information arise in imaging of nanostructures whose sizes are hundreds of nanometers as well as in imaging of biological cells. The governing equation is the 3-d generalized Helmholtz equation…
Metasurfaces with spatially varying subwavelength structures enable full control of electromagnetic waves over a wide spectrum. High-efficiency metasurfaces, especially in a transmission mode, are of practical significance in optical…
3D additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of nanophotonic structures with subwavelength features that control light across macroscopic scales. Gradient-based optimization offers an efficient approach to design these complex and…
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) directly written with a femtosecond laser have shown great potential in many areas such as quantum information processing (QIP). Many applications, like photon-based quantum computing, demand the…
Photoelectron holography constitutes a powerful tool for the ultrafast imaging of matter, as it combines high electron currents with subfemtosecond resolution, and gives information about transition amplitudes and phase shifts. Similarly to…
Hyperspectroscopy is a new method of surface image taking, providing simultaneously high position and spectral resolutions which allow one to make some conclusions about chemical compositions of the surfaces. We are now studying…
Device architectures and dimensions are now at an unimaginable level not thought possible even 10 years ago. The continued downscaling, following the so-called Moore's law, has motivated the development and use of extreme ultraviolet (EUV)…
All-dielectric optical nano-resonators, exhibiting exotic near-field distributions upon excitations, have emerged as low-loss, versatile and highly adaptable components in nanophotonic structures for manipulating electromagnetic waves and…
Simultaneous imaging of fluorescence-labeled and label-free phase objects in the same sample provides distinct and complementary information. Most multimodal fluorescence-phase imaging operates in transmission mode, capturing fluorescence…
Artificial nanostructures with ultrafine and deep-subwavelength feature sizes have emerged as a paradigm-shifting platform to advanced light field management, becoming a key building block for high-performance integrated optoelectronics and…
In the past few years, phase-change materials have become increasingly important in nano-photonics and optoelectronics. The advantages of sizeable optical contrast between phases and the additional degree of freedom from phase switching…
Nanoscale phase-control is one of the most powerful approaches to specifically tailor electrical fields in modern nanophotonics. Especially the precise sub-wavelength assembly of many individual nano-building-blocks has given rise to…
The switching and optical properties of phase-change thin films are actively investigated for future smart optical devices. The possibility of having more than one stable state, the large optical contrast between phases, and the fast and…
The rapid development of coherent short-wavelength light sources in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) regimes has created a growing need for advanced optoelectronic detection capabilities, particularly for…
Collective lattice dynamics determine essential aspects of condensed matter, such as elastic and thermal properties. These exhibit strong dependence on the length-scale, reflecting the marked wavevector dependence of lattice excitations.…
The characterization of nanostructured surfaces with sensitivity in the sub-nm range is of high importance for the development of current and next generation integrated electronic circuits. Modern transistor architectures for e.g. FinFETs…
X-ray nanotomography is a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscale materials and structures, but is difficult to implement due to competing requirements on X-ray flux and spot size. Due to this constraint, state-of-the-art…
Ptychography spans from sub-angstrom to meter scales yet suffers from convergence instability and excessive data redundancy. Here we introduce self-correcting residual neural fields as a dose-efficient framework for electron, X-ray, and…
Electron tomography has become a commonly used tool to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanomaterials, including colloidal nanoparticle assemblies. However, electron microscopy is typically carried out under high vacuum…