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The use of deep learning in computer vision tasks such as image classification has led to a rapid increase in the performance of such systems. Due to this substantial increment in the utility of these systems, the use of artificial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-05 Vinay Jogani , Joy Purohit , Ishaan Shivhare , Seema C Shrawne

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to improve user understanding and decisions when using AI models. However, despite innovations in XAI, recent user evaluations reveal that this goal remains elusive. Understanding human cognition can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Louth Bin Rawshan , Zhuoyu Wang , Brian Y. Lim

Chest X-ray imaging is commonly used to diagnose pneumonia, but accurately localizing the pneumonia-affected regions typically requires detailed pixel-level annotations, which are costly and time consuming to obtain. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Kiran Shahi , Anup Bagale

Fast diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax, a collapsed or dropped lung, is crucial to avoid fatalities. Pneumothorax is typically detected on a chest X-ray image through visual inspection by experienced radiologists. However, the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-12 Antonio Sze-To , Abtin Riasatian , Hamid R. Tizhoosh

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical tool for interpreting the predictions of complex deep learning models. While XAI has been increasingly applied in various domains within acoustics, its use in bioacoustics,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zubair Faruqui , Mackenzie S. McIntire , Rahul Dubey , Jay McEntee

Explainable AI (XAI) has been proposed as a valuable tool to assist in downstream tasks involving human and AI collaboration. Perhaps the most psychologically valid XAI techniques are case based approaches which display 'whole' exemplars to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Eoin Kenny , Eoin Delaney , Mark Keane

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) plays an indispensable role in demystifying the decision-making processes of AI, especially within the healthcare industry. Clinicians rely heavily on detailed reasoning when making a diagnosis,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Anna Stubbin , Thompson Chyrikov , Jim Zhao , Christina Chajo

In explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) research, the predominant focus has been on interpreting models for experts and practitioners. Model agnostic and local explanation approaches are deemed interpretable and sufficient in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Adarsa Sivaprasad , Ehud Reiter , Nava Tintarev , Nir Oren

Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of death among children worldwide, underscoring a critical need for fast and accurate diagnostic tools. In this paper, we propose an interpretable deep learning model on Residual Networks…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Rayyan Ridwan

Existing artificial intelligence (AI) models for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis (OA) have faced criticism for their lack of transparency and interpretability, despite achieving medical-expert-like performance. This opacity makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yun Xin Teoh , Alice Othmani , Siew Li Goh , Juliana Usman , Khin Wee Lai

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is central to the debate on integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms into clinical practice. High-performing AI/ML models, such as ensemble learners and deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Alessandro De Carlo , Enea Parimbelli , Nicola Melillo , Giovanna Nicora

Black-box deep learning approaches have showcased significant potential in the realm of medical image analysis. However, the stringent trustworthiness requirements intrinsic to the medical field have catalyzed research into the utilization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yequan Bie , Luyang Luo , Hao Chen

Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising tool to downscale climate projections at regional-to-local scales from large-scale atmospheric fields following the perfect-prognosis (PP) approach. Given their complexity, it is crucial to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-06 Jose González-Abad , Jorge Baño-Medina , José Manuel Gutiérrez

XAI refers to the techniques and methods for building AI applications which assist end users to interpret output and predictions of AI models. Black box AI applications in high-stakes decision-making situations, such as medical domain have…

The clinical adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical diagnostics is critically hampered by its black-box nature, which prevents clinicians from verifying the rationale behind automated decisions. To overcome this fundamental…

Explainability domain generalization and rare class reliability are critical challenges in medical AI where deep models often fail under real world distribution shifts and exhibit bias against infrequent clinical conditions This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Midhat Urooj , Ayan Banerjee , Sandeep Gupta

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made leapfrogs in development across all the industrial sectors especially when deep learning has been introduced. Deep learning helps to learn the behaviour of an entity through methods of recognising and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia , Guang Yang

This work presents a conceptual framework for causal concept-based post-hoc Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), based on the requirements that explanations for non-interpretable models should be understandable as well as faithful to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Anna Rodum Bjøru , Jacob Lysnæs-Larsen , Oskar Jørgensen , Inga Strümke , Helge Langseth

Artificial intelligence has become pervasive across disciplines and fields, and biomedical image and signal processing is no exception. The growing and widespread interest on the topic has triggered a vast research activity that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Guang Yang , Arvind Rao , Christine Fernandez-Maloigne , Vince Calhoun , Gloria Menegaz

Computer Vision, and hence Artificial Intelligence-based extraction of information from images, has increasingly received attention over the last years, for instance in medical diagnostics. While the algorithms' complexity is a reason for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Christian Meske , Enrico Bunde