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We present an approach for assessing how multilingual large language models (LLMs) learn syntax in terms of multi-formalism syntactic structures. We aim to recover constituent and dependency structures by casting parsing as sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Alberto Muñoz-Ortiz , David Vilares , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez

Unsupervised dependency parsing aims to learn a dependency parser from unannotated sentences. Existing work focuses on either learning generative models using the expectation-maximization algorithm and its variants, or learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Yong Jiang , Wenjuan Han , Kewei Tu

Recent work on the interpretability of deep neural language models has concluded that many properties of natural language syntax are encoded in their representational spaces. However, such studies often suffer from limited scope by focusing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Artur Kulmizev , Vinit Ravishankar , Mostafa Abdou , Joakim Nivre

The Universal Morphology (UniMorph) project is a collaborative effort providing broad-coverage instantiated normalized morphological inflection tables for hundreds of diverse world languages. The project comprises two major thrusts: a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Khuyagbaatar Batsuren , Omer Goldman , Salam Khalifa , Nizar Habash , Witold Kieraś , Gábor Bella , Brian Leonard , Garrett Nicolai , Kyle Gorman , Yustinus Ghanggo Ate , Maria Ryskina , Sabrina J. Mielke , Elena Budianskaya , Charbel El-Khaissi , Tiago Pimentel , Michael Gasser , William Lane , Mohit Raj , Matt Coler , Jaime Rafael Montoya Samame , Delio Siticonatzi Camaiteri , Benoît Sagot , Esaú Zumaeta Rojas , Didier López Francis , Arturo Oncevay , Juan López Bautista , Gema Celeste Silva Villegas , Lucas Torroba Hennigen , Adam Ek , David Guriel , Peter Dirix , Jean-Philippe Bernardy , Andrey Scherbakov , Aziyana Bayyr-ool , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Roberto Zariquiey , Karina Sheifer , Sofya Ganieva , Hilaria Cruz , Ritván Karahóǧa , Stella Markantonatou , George Pavlidis , Matvey Plugaryov , Elena Klyachko , Ali Salehi , Candy Angulo , Jatayu Baxi , Andrew Krizhanovsky , Natalia Krizhanovskaya , Elizabeth Salesky , Clara Vania , Sardana Ivanova , Jennifer White , Rowan Hall Maudslay , Josef Valvoda , Ran Zmigrod , Paula Czarnowska , Irene Nikkarinen , Aelita Salchak , Brijesh Bhatt , Christopher Straughn , Zoey Liu , Jonathan North Washington , Yuval Pinter , Duygu Ataman , Marcin Wolinski , Totok Suhardijanto , Anna Yablonskaya , Niklas Stoehr , Hossep Dolatian , Zahroh Nuriah , Shyam Ratan , Francis M. Tyers , Edoardo M. Ponti , Grant Aiton , Aryaman Arora , Richard J. Hatcher , Ritesh Kumar , Jeremiah Young , Daria Rodionova , Anastasia Yemelina , Taras Andrushko , Igor Marchenko , Polina Mashkovtseva , Alexandra Serova , Emily Prud'hommeaux , Maria Nepomniashchaya , Fausto Giunchiglia , Eleanor Chodroff , Mans Hulden , Miikka Silfverberg , Arya D. McCarthy , David Yarowsky , Ryan Cotterell , Reut Tsarfaty , Ekaterina Vylomova

Critique has surfaced concerning the existing linguistic annotation framework for Korean Universal Dependencies (UDs), particularly in relation to syntactic relationships. In this paper, our primary objective is to refine the definition of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Kyuwon Kim , Yige Chen , Eunkyul Leah Jo , KyungTae Lim , Jungyeul Park , Chulwoo Park

The development of lexicalized grammars, particularly Tree-Adjoining Grammar (TAG), has significantly advanced our understanding of syntax and semantics in natural language processing (NLP). While existing syntactic resources like the Penn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jungyeul Park

Structural probes train on Universal Dependencies (UD), which does not encode formal-syntactic abstractions such as phase boundaries or phase-internal cohesion. Whether large language models (LLMs) encode these remains an open question that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuanhao Chen , Peter Chin

We describe the DCU-EPFL submission to the IWPT 2021 Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies. The task involves parsing Enhanced UD graphs, which are an extension of the basic dependency trees designed to be more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 James Barry , Alireza Mohammadshahi , Joachim Wagner , Jennifer Foster , James Henderson

In this paper we present a novel lemmatization method based on a sequence-to-sequence neural network architecture and morphosyntactic context representation. In the proposed method, our context-sensitive lemmatizer generates the lemma one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Jenna Kanerva , Filip Ginter , Tapio Salakoski

We describe a transfer method based on annotation projection to develop a dependency-based semantic role labeling system for languages for which no supervised linguistic information other than parallel data is available. Unlike previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Maryam Aminian , Mohammad Sadegh Rasooli , Mona Diab

This paper analyzes multiple deep-syntactic frameworks with the goal of creating a proposal for a set of universal semantic role labels. The proposal examines various theoretic linguistic perspectives and focuses on Meaning-Text Theory and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Kira Droganova , Daniel Zeman

This is the annotation manual for Universal Conceptual Cognitive Annotation (UCCA; Abend and Rappoport, 2013), specifically the Foundational Layer. UCCA is a graph-based semantic annotation scheme based on typological linguistic principles.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Omri Abend , Nathan Schneider , Dotan Dvir , Jakob Prange , Ari Rappoport

The prevailing practice in the academia is to evaluate the model performance on in-domain evaluation data typically set aside from the training corpus. However, in many real world applications the data on which the model is applied may very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Jenna Kanerva , Filip Ginter

Various treebanks have been released for dependency parsing. Despite that treebanks may belong to different languages or have different annotation schemes, they contain syntactic knowledge that is potential to benefit each other. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-06 Jiang Guo , Wanxiang Che , Haifeng Wang , Ting Liu

We describe two ``semantically-oriented'' dependency-structure formalisms, U-forms and S-forms. U-forms have been previously used in machine translation as interlingual representations, but without being provided with a formal…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Marc Dymetman , Max Copperman

We describe an automatic method for converting the Persian Dependency Treebank (Rasooli et al, 2013) to Universal Dependencies. This treebank contains 29107 sentences. Our experiments along with manual linguistic analysis show that our data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Mohammad Sadegh Rasooli , Pegah Safari , Amirsaeid Moloodi , Alireza Nourian

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) aim to integrate multimodal understanding and generation within a unified architecture, yet it remains unclear to what extent their representations are truly aligned across modalities. To investigate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Cheng Yang , Chufan Shi , Bo Shui , Yaokang Wu , Muzi Tao , Huijuan Wang , Ivan Yee Lee , Yong Liu , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

To facilitate future research in unsupervised induction of syntactic structure and to standardize best-practices, we propose a tagset that consists of twelve universal part-of-speech categories. In addition to the tagset, we develop a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Slav Petrov , Dipanjan Das , Ryan McDonald

Deverbal nouns are nominal forms of verbs commonly used in written English texts to describe events or actions, as well as their arguments. However, many NLP systems, and in particular pattern-based ones, neglect to handle such nominalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Aviv Weinstein , Yoav Goldberg

We describe a cross-lingual transfer method for dependency parsing that takes into account the problem of word order differences between source and target languages. Our model only relies on the Bible, a considerably smaller parallel data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Mohammad Sadegh Rasooli , Michael Collins