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Generating high-fidelity 3D indoor scenes remains a significant challenge due to data scarcity and the complexity of modeling intricate spatial relations. Current methods often struggle to scale beyond training distribution to dense scenes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xingjian Ran , Shujie Zhang , Weipeng Zhong , Li Luo , Bo Dai

This survey explores Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML), defined as the generation of game content using machine learning models trained on existing content. As the importance of PCG for game development increases,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Adam Summerville , Sam Snodgrass , Matthew Guzdial , Christoffer Holmgård , Amy K. Hoover , Aaron Isaksen , Andy Nealen , Julian Togelius

The modeling of industrial scenes is essential for simulations in industrial manufacturing. While large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in generating general 3D scenes from textual descriptions, generating industrial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Xiao Xia , Dan Zhang , Zibo Liao , Zhenyu Hou , Tianrui Sun , Jing Li , Ling Fu , Yuxiao Dong

We present a new, fast and flexible pipeline for indoor scene synthesis that is based on deep convolutional generative models. Our method operates on a top-down image-based representation, and inserts objects iteratively into the scene by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Daniel Ritchie , Kai Wang , Yu-an Lin

Terrains are the main part of an electronic game. To reduce human effort on game development, procedural techniques are used to generate synthetic terrains. However rendering a terrain is not a trivial task. Their rendering techniques must…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Ricardo B. D. d'Oliveira , Antonio L. Apolinário

Simulation is crucial for developing and evaluating autonomous vehicle (AV) systems. Recent literature builds on a new generation of generative models to synthesize highly realistic images for full-stack simulation. However, purely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zehao Zhu , Yuliang Zou , Chiyu Max Jiang , Bo Sun , Vincent Casser , Xiukun Huang , Jiahao Wang , Zhenpei Yang , Ruiqi Gao , Leonidas Guibas , Mingxing Tan , Dragomir Anguelov

Indoor scene synthesis underpins embodied AI, robotic manipulation, and simulation-based policy evaluation, where a useful scene must specify not only what the environment looks like, but also how its objects are structured. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Puyi Wang , Yuhao Wang , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Yangguang Li , Yu Cheng

Training robots in simulation requires diverse 3D scenes that reflect the specific challenges of downstream tasks. However, scenes that satisfy strict task requirements, such as high-clutter environments with plausible spatial arrangement,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Nicholas Pfaff , Hongkai Dai , Sergey Zakharov , Shun Iwase , Russ Tedrake

Text-to-image models are showcasing the impressive ability to create high-quality and diverse generative images. Nevertheless, the transition from freehand sketches to complex scene images remains challenging using diffusion models. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Tianyu Zhang , Xiaoxuan Xie , Xusheng Du , Haoran Xie

Scene graph generation has emerged as a prominent research field in computer vision, witnessing significant advancements in the recent years. However, despite these strides, precise and thorough definitions for the metrics used to evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Julian Lorenz , Robin Schön , Katja Ludwig , Rainer Lienhart

Scene generation has extensive industrial applications, demanding both high realism and precise control over geometry and appearance. Language-driven retrieval methods compose plausible scenes from a large object database, but overlook…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zhifei Yang , Guangyao Zhai , Keyang Lu , YuYang Yin , Chao Zhang , Zhen Xiao , Jieyi Long , Nassir Navab , Yikai Wang

Controllable scene synthesis consists of generating 3D information that satisfy underlying specifications. Thereby, these specifications should be abstract, i.e. allowing easy user interaction, whilst providing enough interface for detailed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Helisa Dhamo , Fabian Manhardt , Nassir Navab , Federico Tombari

Continual learning refers to the ability of humans and animals to incrementally learn over time in a given environment. Trying to simulate this learning process in machines is a challenging task, also due to the inherent difficulty in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Enrico Meloni , Alessandro Betti , Lapo Faggi , Simone Marullo , Matteo Tiezzi , Stefano Melacci

There are two prevalent ways to constructing 3D scenes: procedural generation and 2D lifting. Among them, panorama-based 2D lifting has emerged as a promising technique, leveraging powerful 2D generative priors to produce immersive,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yukun Huang , Jiwen Yu , Yanning Zhou , Jianan Wang , Xintao Wang , Pengfei Wan , Xihui Liu

Recent text-to-image generation methods provide a simple yet exciting conversion capability between text and image domains. While these methods have incrementally improved the generated image fidelity and text relevancy, several pivotal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Oran Gafni , Adam Polyak , Oron Ashual , Shelly Sheynin , Devi Parikh , Yaniv Taigman

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is defined as the automatic creation of game content using algorithms. PCG has a long history in both the game industry and the academic world. It can increase player engagement and ease the work of game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Mahdi Farrokhi Maleki , Richard Zhao

3D content generation has recently attracted significant research interest, driven by its critical applications in VR/AR and embodied AI. In this work, we tackle the challenging task of synthesizing multiple 3D assets within a single scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yanxu Meng , Haoning Wu , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

We present SceneFactor, a diffusion-based approach for large-scale 3D scene generation that enables controllable generation and effortless editing. SceneFactor enables text-guided 3D scene synthesis through our factored diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Alexey Bokhovkin , Quan Meng , Shubham Tulsiani , Angela Dai

Text-to-image diffusion generative models can generate high quality images at the cost of tedious prompt engineering. Controllability can be improved by introducing layout conditioning, however existing methods lack layout editing ability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Alessandro Fontanella , Petru-Daniel Tudosiu , Yongxin Yang , Shifeng Zhang , Sarah Parisot

We present InfiniCube, a scalable method for generating unbounded dynamic 3D driving scenes with high fidelity and controllability. Previous methods for scene generation either suffer from limited scales or lack geometric and appearance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Yifan Lu , Xuanchi Ren , Jiawei Yang , Tianchang Shen , Zhangjie Wu , Jun Gao , Yue Wang , Siheng Chen , Mike Chen , Sanja Fidler , Jiahui Huang