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Related papers: Intent-conditioned and Non-toxic Counterspeech Gen…

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Effective personalized question answering (PQA) in language models requires grounding responses in the user's underlying intent, where intent refers to the implicit ``why'' behind a query beyond its explicit wording. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Maryam Amirizaniani , Benjamin Charles Germain Lee , Jevin West , Nicholas Weber

Multi-agent inverse reinforcement learning (MIRL) can be used to learn reward functions from agents in social environments. To model realistic social dynamics, MIRL methods must account for suboptimal human reasoning and behavior.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Sage Bergerson

In this paper, we tackle the Arabic Fine-Grained Hate Speech Detection shared task and demonstrate significant improvements over reported baselines for its three subtasks. The tasks are to predict if a tweet contains (1) Offensive language;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Badr AlKhamissi , Mona Diab

Tackling online hatred using informed textual responses - called counter narratives - has been brought under the spotlight recently. Accordingly, a research line has emerged to automatically generate counter narratives in order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Yi-Ling Chung , Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Marco Guerini

A chatbot that converses like a human should be goal-oriented (i.e., be purposeful in conversation), which is beyond language generation. However, existing dialogue systems often heavily rely on cumbersome hand-crafted rules or costly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Jianfeng Liu , Feiyang Pan , Ling Luo

Conversational AI has made significant progress, yet generating expressive and controllable text-to-speech (TTS) remains challenging. Specifically, controlling fine-grained voice styles and emotions is notoriously difficult and typically…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Zhicheng Ouyang , Seong-Gyun Leem , Bach Viet Do , Haibin Wu , Ariya Rastrow , Yuzong Liu , Florian Metze

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance response credibility and traceability by displaying reference contexts, but this transparency simultaneously introduces a novel black-box attack vector. Existing document poisoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Runqi Sui

The opaque nature of deep learning models presents significant challenges for the ethical deployment of hate speech detection systems. To address this limitation, we introduce Supervised Rational Attention (SRA), a framework that explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Brage Eilertsen , Røskva Bjørgfinsdóttir , Francielle Vargas , Ali Ramezani-Kebrya

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a set of techniques that allows the understanding of both technical and non-technical aspects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. XAI is crucial to help satisfying the increasingly important…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Riccardo Crupi , Alessandro Castelnovo , Daniele Regoli , Beatriz San Miguel Gonzalez

Despite regulations imposed by nations and social media platforms, e.g. (Government of India, 2021; European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2022), inter alia, hateful content persists as a significant challenge. Existing…

The dialogue systems in customer services have been developed with neural models to provide users with precise answers and round-the-clock support in task-oriented conversations by detecting customer intents based on their utterances.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yu-Chien Tang , Wei-Yao Wang , An-Zi Yen , Wen-Chih Peng

Test-Time Reinforcement Learning (TTRL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance reasoning capabilities on unlabeled test streams by deriving pseudo-rewards from majority voting consensus. However, existing TTRL methods rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dong Yan , Jian Liang , Yanbo Wang , Shuo Lu , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

Although pretrained large language models (PLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, they lack an understanding of subtle expressions of implicit hate speech. Various attempts have been made to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Sarah Masud , Ashutosh Bajpai , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Hate content in social media is ever-increasing. While Facebook, Twitter, Google have attempted to take several steps to tackle the hateful content, they have mostly been unsuccessful. Counterspeech is seen as an effective way of tackling…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Hardik Tharad , Subham Rajgaria , Prajwal Singhania , Suman Kalyan Maity , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherje

Users' interactions with items are driven by various intents (e.g., preparing for holiday gifts, shopping for fishing equipment, etc.).However, users' underlying intents are often unobserved/latent, making it challenging to leverage such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Yongjun Chen , Zhiwei Liu , Jia Li , Julian McAuley , Caiming Xiong

The growing interest in employing counter narratives for hatred intervention brings with it a focus on dataset creation and automation strategies. In this scenario, learning to recognize counter narrative types from natural text is expected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Yi-Ling Chung , Marco Guerini , Rodrigo Agerri

Citizen-generated counter speech is a promising way to fight hate speech and promote peaceful, non-polarized discourse. However, there is a lack of large-scale longitudinal studies of its effectiveness for reducing hate speech. To this end,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Joshua Garland , Keyan Ghazi-Zahedi , Jean-Gabriel Young , Laurent Hébert-Dufresne , Mirta Galesic

While hallucinations of large language models could been alleviated through retrieval-augmented generation and citation generation, how the model utilizes internal knowledge is still opaque, and the trustworthiness of its generated answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiajun Shen , Tong Zhou , Yubo Chen , Delai Qiu , Shengping Liu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

In the field of Natural Language Processing, there are many tasks that can be tackled effectively using the cross-entropy (CE) loss function. However, the task of dialog generation poses unique challenges for CE loss. This is because CE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Bishal Santra , Ravi Ghadia , Manish Gupta , Pawan Goyal

Warning: this paper contains material which may be offensive or upsetting. While much of recent work has focused on the detection of hate speech and overtly offensive content, very little research has explored the more subtle but equally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Teyun Kwon , Anandha Gopalan