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Related papers: Intent-conditioned and Non-toxic Counterspeech Gen…

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Counterspeech has been demonstrated to be an efficacious approach for combating hate speech. While various conventional and controlled approaches have been studied in recent years to generate counterspeech, a counterspeech with a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Rishabh Gupta , Shaily Desai , Manvi Goel , Anil Bandhakavi , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Md. Shad Akhtar

Automatic counterspeech generation methods have been developed to assist efforts in combating hate speech. Existing research focuses on generating counterspeech with linguistic attributes such as being polite, informative, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Lingzi Hong , Pengcheng Luo , Eduardo Blanco , Xiaoying Song

Counterspeech has proven to be a powerful tool to combat hate speech online. Previous studies have focused on generating counterspeech conditioned only on specific intents (single attributed). However, a holistic approach considering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aswini Kumar , Anil Bandhakavi , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Online hate speech poses a serious threat to individual well-being and societal cohesion. A promising solution to curb online hate speech is counterspeech. Counterspeech is aimed at encouraging users to reconsider hateful posts by direct…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Dominik Bär , Abdurahman Maarouf , Stefan Feuerriegel

Counter-speech generation is at the core of many expert activities, such as fact-checking and hate speech, to counter harmful content. Yet, existing work treats counter-speech generation as pure text generation task, mainly based on Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Greta Damo , Elena Cabrio , Serena Villata

Online hate speech has become increasingly prevalent on social media, causing harm to individuals and society. While automated content moderation has received considerable attention, user-driven counterspeech remains a less explored yet…

Counterspeech offers direct rebuttals to hateful speech by challenging perpetrators of hate and showing support to targets of abuse. It provides a promising alternative to more contentious measures, such as content moderation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Yi-Ling Chung , Gavin Abercrombie , Florence Enock , Jonathan Bright , Verena Rieser

Health misinformation spreading online poses a significant threat to public health. Researchers have explored methods for automatically generating counterspeech to health misinformation as a mitigation strategy. Existing approaches often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xiaoying Song , Anirban Saha Anik , Dibakar Barua , Pengcheng Luo , Junhua Ding , Lingzi Hong

Biased news contributes to societal polarization and is often reinforced by hostile reader comments, constituting a vital yet often overlooked aspect of news dissemination. Our study reveals that offensive comments support biased content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Luyang Lin , Zijin Feng , Lingzhi Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

Combating online hate speech in multilingual settings requires approaches that go beyond English-centric models and capture the cultural and linguistic diversity of global online discourse. This paper presents a comprehensive survey and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zahra Safdari Fesaghandis , Suman Kalyan Maity

AI-generated counterspeech offers a promising and scalable strategy to curb online toxicity through direct replies that promote civil discourse. However, current counterspeech is one-size-fits-all, lacking adaptation to the moderation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Lorenzo Cima , Alessio Miaschi , Amaury Trujillo , Marco Avvenuti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Stefano Cresci

Counterspeech, i.e., responses to counteract potential harms of hateful speech, has become an increasingly popular solution to address online hate speech without censorship. However, properly countering hateful language requires countering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Jimin Mun , Emily Allaway , Akhila Yerukola , Laura Vianna , Sarah-Jane Leslie , Maarten Sap

In this work, we present an extensive study on the use of pre-trained language models for the task of automatic Counter Narrative (CN) generation to fight online hate speech in English. We first present a comparative study to determine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Helena Bonaldi , Margherita Fanton , Marco Guerini

Counterspeech has emerged as a popular and effective strategy for combating online hate speech, sparking growing research interest in automating its generation using language models. However, the field still lacks standardised evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Amey Hengle , Aswini Kumar , Anil Bandhakavi , Tanmoy Chakraborty

In light of unprecedented increases in the popularity of the internet and social media, comment moderation has never been a more relevant task. Semi-automated comment moderation systems greatly aid human moderators by either automatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Ravi Shekhar , Mladen Karan , Matthew Purver

Recent computational approaches for combating online hate speech involve the automatic generation of counter narratives by adapting Pretrained Transformer-based Language Models (PLMs) with human-curated data. This process, however, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Helena Bonaldi , Giuseppe Attanasio , Debora Nozza , Marco Guerini

Deep Research (DR) agents extend Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond parametric knowledge by autonomously retrieving and synthesizing evidence from large web corpora into long-form reports, enabling a long-horizon agentic paradigm. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haohao Luo , Zexi Li , Yuexiang Xie , Wenhao Zhang , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

Multi-intent natural language understanding (NLU) presents a formidable challenge due to the model confusion arising from multiple intents within a single utterance. While previous works train the model contrastively to increase the margin…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Guanhua Chen , Yutong Yao , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

The thinking-while-speaking paradigm aims to make AI communication more human. A key challenge is maintaining fluent speech while performing deep reasoning. Our method, InterRS, tackles this by inserting reasoning steps only during natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xuan Du , Qiangyu Yan , Wenshuo Li , Borui Jiang , Changming Xiao , Han Shu , Xinghao Chen

The potential effectiveness of counterspeech as a hate speech mitigation strategy is attracting increasing interest in the NLG research community, particularly towards the task of automatically producing it. However, automatically generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Helena Bonaldi , Greta Damo , Nicolás Benjamín Ocampo , Elena Cabrio , Serena Villata , Marco Guerini
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