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Related papers: Silico-centric Theory of Mind

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Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand the mental states of oneself and others, remains a challenging area for large language models (LLMs), which often fail to predict human mental states accurately. In this paper, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Prameshwar Thiyagarajan , Vaishnavi Parimi , Shamant Sai , Soumil Garg , Zhangir Meirbek , Nitin Yarlagadda , Kevin Zhu , Chris Kim

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence necessitate a re-examination of the epistemological foundations upon which we attribute consciousness. As AI systems increasingly mimic human behavior and interaction with high fidelity, the concept…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shurui Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain agentic abilities, they will have to navigate complex multi-agent scenarios, interacting with human users and other agents in cooperative and competitive settings. This will require new reasoning skills,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Andrei Lupu , Timon Willi , Jakob Foerster

Theory-of-Mind (ToM) tasks pose a unique challenge for large language models (LLMs), which often lack the capability for dynamic logical reasoning. In this work, we propose DEL-ToM, a framework that improves verifiable ToM reasoning through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuheng Wu , Jianwen Xie , Denghui Zhang , Zhaozhuo Xu

The rapid growth of e-commerce increases the need for larger warehouses and their automation, thus using robots as assistants to human workers becomes a priority. In order to operate efficiently and safely, robot assistants or the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Tomislav Petković , Ivan Marković , Ivan Petrović

Do large language models (LLMs) have theory of mind? A plethora of papers and benchmarks have been introduced to evaluate if current models have been able to develop this key ability of social intelligence. However, all rely on limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Melanie Sclar , Jane Yu , Maryam Fazel-Zarandi , Yulia Tsvetkov , Yonatan Bisk , Yejin Choi , Asli Celikyilmaz

Great advancements have been achieved in the field of robotics, however, main challenges remain, including building robots with an adaptive Theory of Mind (ToM). In the present paper, seven current robotic architectures for human-robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Francesca Bianco , Dimitri Ognibene

The escalating debate on AI's capabilities warrants developing reliable metrics to assess machine "intelligence". Recently, many anecdotal examples were used to suggest that newer large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Natalie Shapira , Mosh Levy , Seyed Hossein Alavi , Xuhui Zhou , Yejin Choi , Yoav Goldberg , Maarten Sap , Vered Shwartz

Datasets used for emotion recognition tasks typically contain overt cues that can be used in predicting the emotions expressed in a text. However, one challenge is that texts sometimes contain covert contextual cues that are rich in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

Despite growing interest in Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks for evaluating language models (LMs), little is known about how LMs internally represent mental states of self and others. Understanding these internal mechanisms is critical - not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Matteo Bortoletto , Constantin Ruhdorfer , Lei Shi , Andreas Bulling

This study explored how large language models (LLMs) perform in two areas related to art: writing critiques of artworks and reasoning about mental states (Theory of Mind, or ToM) in art-related situations. For the critique generation part,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Takaya Arita , Wenxian Zheng , Reiji Suzuki , Fuminori Akiba

Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning with Large Language Models (LLMs) requires inferring how people's implicit, evolving beliefs shape what they seek and how they act under uncertainty -- especially in high-stakes settings such as disaster…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Ruxiao Chen , Xilei Zhao , Thomas J. Cova , Frank A. Drews , Susu Xu

We introduce StorySim, a programmable framework for synthetically generating stories to evaluate the theory of mind (ToM) and world modeling (WM) capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Unlike prior benchmarks that may suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Nathaniel Getachew , Abulhair Saparov

Theory of Mind (ToM) can be used to assess the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex scenarios where social reasoning is required. While the research community has proposed many ToM benchmarks, their hardness varies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 X. Angelo Huang , Emanuele La Malfa , Samuele Marro , Andrea Asperti , Anthony Cohn , Michael Wooldridge

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive accomplishments in both reasoning and planning, their abilities in multi-agent collaborations remains largely unexplored. This study evaluates LLM-based agents in a multi-agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Huao Li , Yu Quan Chong , Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Dana Hughes , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities in Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks; however, their ability to perform Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks, such as inferring human intentions, beliefs, and mental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Ximing Wen , Mallika Mainali , Anik Sen

Despite rapid progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their capability for deep emotional understanding remains limited. We argue that genuine affective intelligence requires explicit modeling of Theory of Mind (ToM), the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Meng Luo , Bobo Li , Shanqing Xu , Shize Zhang , Qiuchan Chen , Menglu Han , Wenhao Chen , Yanxiang Huang , Hao Fei , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on many language tasks, but their Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning is still uneven in complex social settings. Existing benchmarks, including ExploreToM, do not always test the recursive beliefs and…

Human social interactions depend on the ability to infer others' unspoken intentions, emotions, and beliefs-a cognitive skill grounded in the psychological concept of Theory of Mind (ToM). While large language models (LLMs) excel in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li

Design fictions allow us to prototype the future. They enable us to interrogate emerging or non-existent technologies and examine their implications. We present three design fictions that probe the potential consequences of operationalizing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Justin D. Weisz , Michael Muller , Arielle Goldberg , Dario Andres Silva Moran