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Related papers: Silico-centric Theory of Mind

200 papers

With the widespread application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in human society, enabling AI to autonomously align with human values has become a pressing issue to ensure its sustainable development and benefit to humanity. One of the most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Haibo Tong , Enmeng Lu , Yinqian Sun , Zhengqiang Han , Chao Liu , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng

Discrepancies between an agent's actual knowledge and what a person thinks the agent knows can hinder interactions. If an agent could detect such discrepancies, it could provide feedback to account for them and improve current and future…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Patrick Callaghan , Reid Simmons , Henny Admoni

Socially assistive robots provide physical and mental assistance for humans via cognitive human-machine interactions. These robots should sustain long-term engaging interactions with humans in a similar way humans interact with each other.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Maria Morão Patrício , Anahita Jamshidnejad

How do language models (LMs) represent characters' beliefs, especially when those beliefs may differ from reality? This question lies at the heart of understanding the Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities of LMs. We analyze LMs' ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Nikhil Prakash , Natalie Shapira , Arnab Sen Sharma , Christoph Riedl , Yonatan Belinkov , Tamar Rott Shaham , David Bau , Atticus Geiger

Understanding how humans attribute beliefs, goals, and intentions to others, known as theory of mind (ToM), is critical in the context of human-computer interaction. Despite various metrics used to assess ToM, the interplay between…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Jeffrey Flagg , Cleotilde Gonzalez

People supported by AI-powered decision support tools frequently overrely on the AI: they accept an AI's suggestion even when that suggestion is wrong. Adding explanations to the AI decisions does not appear to reduce the overreliance and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Zana Buçinca , Maja Barbara Malaya , Krzysztof Z. Gajos

This paper examines the extent to which large language models (LLMs) have developed higher-order theory of mind (ToM); the human ability to reason about multiple mental and emotional states in a recursive manner (e.g. I think that you…

"Thinking is for Doing." Humans can infer other people's mental states from observations--an ability called Theory-of-Mind (ToM)--and subsequently act pragmatically on those inferences. Existing question answering benchmarks such as ToMi…

While humans naturally develop theory of mind (ToM), the capability to understand other people's mental states and beliefs, state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) underperform on simple ToM benchmarks. We posit that we can extend our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Chani Jung , Dongkwan Kim , Jiho Jin , Jiseon Kim , Yeon Seonwoo , Yejin Choi , Alice Oh , Hyunwoo Kim

Recent work shows activation steering substantially improves language models' Theory of Mind (ToM) (Bortoletto et al. 2024), yet the mechanisms of what changes occur internally that leads to different outputs remains unclear. We propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Ivan Chulo , Ananya Joshi

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) provides a quantitative framework for explaining consciousness phenomenon, positing that conscious systems comprise elements integrated through causal properties. We apply IIT 3.0 and 4.0 -- the latest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jingkai Li

Studies have shown that autonomous vehicles (AVs) behave conservatively in a traffic environment composed of human drivers and do not adapt to local conditions and socio-cultural norms. It is known that socially aware AVs can be designed if…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Rohan Chandra , Aniket Bera , Dinesh Manocha

Our paper argues that the majority of theory of mind benchmarks are broken because of their inability to directly test how large language models (LLMs) adapt to new partners. This problem stems from the fact that theory of mind benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Matthew Riemer , Zahra Ashktorab , Djallel Bouneffouf , Payel Das , Miao Liu , Justin D. Weisz , Murray Campbell

This paper investigates whether LMs recruit shared computational mechanisms for general Theory of Mind (ToM) and language-specific pragmatic reasoning in order to contribute to the general question of whether LMs may be said to have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Polina Tsvilodub , Jan-Felix Klumpp , Amir Mohammadpour , Jennifer Hu , Michael Franke

In this paper we introduce a computational-level model of theory of mind (ToM) based on dynamic epistemic logic (DEL), and we analyze its computational complexity. The model is a special case of DEL model checking. We provide a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Iris van de Pol , Iris van Rooij , Jakub Szymanik

Guilt aversion induces experience of a utility loss in people if they believe they have disappointed others, and this promotes cooperative behaviour in human. In psychological game theory, guilt aversion necessitates modelling of agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Dung Nguyen , Svetha Venkatesh , Phuoc Nguyen , Truyen Tran

Humans with an average level of social cognition can infer the beliefs of others based solely on the nonverbal communication signals (e.g. gaze, gesture, pose and contextual information) exhibited during social interactions. This social…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Jiafei Duan , Samson Yu , Nicholas Tan , Li Yi , Cheston Tan

Can AI be cognitively biased in automated information judgment tasks? Despite recent progresses in measuring and mitigating social and algorithmic biases in AI and large language models (LLMs), it is not clear to what extent LLMs behave…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Jiqun Liu , Jiangen He

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent capabilities in complex reasoning, largely spurred by rule-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques applied during the post-training. This has raised the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Sneheel Sarangi , Hanan Salam

As the application of Embodied AI Agents in avatars, wearable devices, and robotic systems continues to deepen, their core research challenges have gradually shifted from physical environment interaction to the accurate understanding of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Biyuan Liu , Daigang Xu , Lei Jiang , Wenjun Guo , Ping Chen