Related papers: Attempting to Prove the Riemann Hypothesis through…

An equivalent, but variant form of the Riemann functional equation is explored, and several discoveries are made. Properties of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ from which a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of zeros…

Montgomery in 1973 introduced the pair correlation method to study the vertical distribution of Riemann zeta-function zeros. This work assumed the Riemann Hypothesis (RH). One striking application was a short proof that at least 2/3 of…

Starting from the classical integral representation of the $\zeta(s)$ function introduced by Riemann in 1859, this paper reexamines its analytic symmetry structure. By performing a geometric decomposition of the integral representation, we…

The Riemann hypothesis (RH) is a long-standing open problem in mathematics. It conjectures that non-trivial zeros of the zeta function all have real part equal to 1/2. The extent of the consequences of RH is far-reaching and touches a wide…

This paper is divided into two independent parts. The first part presents new integral and series representations of the Riemaan zeta function. An equivalent formulation of the Riemann hypothesis is given and few results on this formulation…

In this paper, some new results are reported for the study of Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ in the critical strip $0<Re(s)<1$, such as $\zeta(s)$ expressed in a generalized Euler product only involving prime numbers. Particularly, some…

In these lectures we first review the important properties of the Riemann $\zeta$-function that are necessary to understand the nature and importance of the Riemann hypothesis (RH). In particular this first part describes the analytic…

This paper studies combinations of the Riemann zeta function, based on one defined by P.R. Taylor, which was shown by him to have all its zeros on the critical line. With a rescaled complex argument, this is denoted here by ${\cal T}_-(s)$,…

This paper is a summary of the general approach outlined in my previous papers toward proving the riemann hypothesis. Numerical and graphical proof of the Riemann Hypothesis is presented with analytical arguments although more work needs…

The goal of this paper is to give a relatively simple proof of some known zero density estimates for Riemann zeta function which are sufficiently strong to break the density hypothesis in a nontrivial part of the critical strip. Apart from…

The Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ is defined as the infinite sum $\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-s}$, which converges when ${\rm Re}\,s>1$. The Riemann hypothesis asserts that the nontrivial zeros of $\zeta(s)$ lie on the line ${\rm Re}\,s=…

In 1973 Montgomery proved, assuming the Riemann Hypothesis (RH), that asymptotically at least 2/3 of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function are simple zeros. In a previous note (arXiv:2511.20059 [math.NT]) we showed how RH can be replaced with…

Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we improve on previous results by proving there are infinitely many zeros of the Riemann zeta-function whose differences are smaller than 0.50412 times the average spacing. To obtain this result, we…

The Riemann zeta-function $\zeta(s)$ is a meromorphic complex-valued function of the complex variable $s$ with the unique pole at $s=1$. It plays a central role in the studies of prime numbers. The upper bound in the critical strip $0\le…

There are many analytic functions $U(t)$ satisfying $Z(t)=2\Re\bigl\{ e^{i\vartheta(t)}U(t)\bigr\}$. Here, we consider an entire function $\mathop{\mathcal L}(s)$ such that $U(t)=\mathop{\mathcal L}(\frac12+it)$ is one of the simplest among…

This paper, commissioned as a survey of the Riemann Hypothesis, provides a comprehensive overview of 165 years of mathematical approaches to this fundamental problem, while introducing a new perspective that emerged during its preparation.…

In 2016, the first-named author introduced a formulation of the Alternative Hypothesis that assumes that consecutive zeros of the Riemann zeta-function are spaced at multiples of half of the average spacing, but does not assume that the…

We prove the Riemann Hypothesis via an analytically regulated surface integral over the critical strip of the Riemann zeta function. The key idea is that the convergence of this normalized integral is equivalent to the condition that all…

The Riemann hypothesis, one of the most important open problems in pure mathematics, implies the most profound secret of prime numbers. One of the most interesting approaches to solve this hypothesis is to connect the problem with the…

The Riemann Hypothesis has been of central interest to mathematicians for a long time and many unsuccessful attempts have been made to either prove or disprove it. Since the Riemann zeta function is defined as a sum of the infinite number…