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We study relations between different notions of nilpotency in the context of skew braces and applications to the structure of solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation. In particular, we consider annihilator nilpotent skew braces, an important…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-10-13 E. Jespers , A. Van Antwerpen , L. Vendramin

We study relations between the additive and the multiplicative groups of a two-sided skew brace. In particular, we prove that if the additive group of a two-sided skew brace is finite solvable (respectively, finitely generated nilpotent,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-26 T. Nasybullov

A skew brace is a triplet $(A,\cdot,\circ)$, where $(A,\cdot)$ and $(A,\circ)$ are groups such that the brace relation $x\circ (y\cdot z) = (x\circ y)\cdot x^{-1}\cdot (x\circ z)$ holds for all $x,y,z\in A$. In this paper, we study the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Cindy Tsang

This paper aims to introduce a construction technique of set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, called strong semilattice of solutions. This technique, inspired by the strong semilattice of semigroups, allows one to obtain new…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2021-09-24 Francesco Catino , Ilaria Colazzo , Paola Stefanelli

We introduce a novel algebraic structure called di-skew brace by which we show that generalized digroups systematically yield bijective, non-degenerate solutions to the set-theoretic Yang-Baxter equation. We study the structural properties…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Andrea Albano , Paola Stefanelli

This paper shows that every finite non-degenerate involutive set theoretic solution (X,r) of the Yang-Baxter equation whose symmetric group has cardinality which a cube-free number is a multipermutation solution. Some properties of finite…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-12-19 Agata Smoktunowicz

We study finite skew braces whose multiplicative group is characteristically simple, namely of the form \(S^n\) for a finite simple group \(S\). Motivated by the strong rigidity phenomena known for skew braces with simple or quasisimple…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Marco Damele

A bijective map $r: X^2 \longrightarrow X^2$, where $X = \{x_1, ..., x_n \}$ is a finite set, is called a \emph{set-theoretic solution of the Yang-Baxter equation} (YBE) if the braid relation $r_{12}r_{23}r_{12} = r_{23}r_{12}r_{23}$ holds…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-06-26 Tatiana Gateva-Ivanova

Skew braces have recently attracted attention as a method to study set-theoretical solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. Here, we present a new approach to these solutions by studying Hopf algebras in the category, $\mathrm{SupLat}$, of…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2020-09-29 Aryan Ghobadi

Skew braces are intensively studied owing to their wide ranging connections and applications. We generalize the definition of a skew brace to give a new algebraic object, which we term a skew bracoid. Our construction involves two groups…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-26 Isabel Martin-Lyons , Paul J. Truman

L. N. Childs defined a bi-skew brace to be a skew brace such that if we swap the role of the two operations, then we find again a skew brace. In this paper, we give a systematic analysis of bi-skew braces. We study nilpotency and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-16 L. Stefanello , S. Trappeniers

We define combinatorial representations of finite skew braces and use this idea to produce a database of skew braces of small size. This database is then used to explore different concepts of the theory of skew braces such as ideals, series…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-09-08 A. Konovalov , A. Smoktunowicz , L. Vendramin

We introduce strong left ideals of skew braces and prove that they produce non-trivial decomposition of set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. We study factorization of skew left braces through strong left ideals and we prove…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-10-30 E. Jespers , Ł. Kubat , A. Van Antwerpen , L. Vendramin

Let $G$ be a finite group and $p$ a fixed prime divisor of $|G|$. Combining the nilpotence, the normality and the order of groups together, we prove that if every maximal subgroup of $G$ is nilpotent or normal or has $p'$-order, then (1)…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-18 Jiangtao Shi , Na Li , Rulin Shen

Nipotency of skew braces is related to certain types of solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. This paper delves into the study of centrally nilpotent skew braces. In particular, we study their torsion theory (Section 4.1) and we introduce…

We prove that if $(B,+,\cdot)$ is a two-sided skew brace whose additive group is solvable, then every finite quotient of the multiplicative group $(B,\cdot)$ is solvable. In particular, our result recovers Nasybullov's theorem in the finite…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Marco Damele

Let $n \geq 1$ be a squarefree integer, and let $M$, $A$ be two groups of order $n$. Using our previous results on the enumeration of Hopf-Galois structures on Galois extensions of fields of squarefree degree, we determine the number of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Ali A. Alabdali , Nigel P. Byott

Given a skew left brace $B$, a method is given to construct all the non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions $(X,r)$ of the Yang Baxter equation such that the associated permutation group $\mathcal{G}(X,r)$ is isomorphic, as a skew left…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2016-11-28 David Bachiller

Our primary focus is on the theory of skew braces, specifically exploring their connection with combinatorial solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation. Skew braces have recently emerged as intriguing algebraic structures, and their link to the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-12-05 Leandro Vendramin

Dynamical skew braces are known to produce solutions to the quiver-theoretic Yang--Baxter equation. Under a technical hypothesis, we prove that these solutions are braided groupoids (and hence skew bracoids in the sense of Sheng, Tang and…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Davide Ferri