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We reformulate several known results about continued fractions in combinatorial terms. Among them the theorem of Conway and Coxeter and that of Series, both relating continued fractions and triangulations. More general polygon dissections…

This article surveys modularity, level raising and level lowering questions for two-dimensional representations modulo prime powers of the absolute Galois group of the rational numbers. It contributes some new results and describes…

We develop the foundations of effective ultraproducts of fields and their Galois groups using the methods of computability theory. These computability-theoretic analogs of ultraproducts are called cohesive products, since the role of an…

In this paper we develop a theory of class invariants associated to $p$-adic representations of absolute Galois groups of number fields. Our main tool for doing this involves a new way of describing certain Selmer groups attached to…

In this paper we give a survey of recent methods for the asymptotic and exact enumeration of number fields with given Galois group of the Galois closure. In particular, the case of fields of degree up to 4 is now almost completely solved,…

We introduce decomposition complexes of posets, which generalize order complexes. The main advantage of our construction is that decomposition complexes are closed under taking products. Other special instances of this theory include nested…

In this expository article we collect the integer sequences that count several different types of matrices over finite fields and provide references to the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS). Section 1 contains the sequences,…

The Gauss decompositions of the quantum groups, related to classical Lie groups and supergroups are considered by the elementary algebraic and $R$-matrix methods. The commutation relations between new basis generators (which are introduced…

This paper extends Hopf-Galois theory to infinite field extensions and provides a natural definition of subextensions. For separable (possibly infinite) Hopf-Galois extensions, it provides a Galois correspondence. This correspondence also…

We present a simple proof of the fundamental theorem of Galois theory, which establishes a correspondence between the intermediate fields of a finite Galois extension and the subgroups of its Galois group. The proof is based on the…

We prove analogues of the theorem of Green and Tao on linear constellations in primes, in which the primes under consideration are restricted by certain arithmetic conditions. Our first main result is conditional upon Hooley's Riemann…

A major open problem in current Galois theory is to characterize those profinite groups which appear as absolute Galois groups of various fields. Obtaining detailed knowledge of the structure of quotients and subgroup filtrations of Galois…

This is an expository article. We survey some fundamental trends in representation theory of symmetric groups and related objects which became apparent in the last fifteen years. The emphasis is on connections with Lie theory via…

We first exhibit counterexamples to some open questions related to a theorem of Sakai. Then we establish an extension theorem of Sakai type for separately holomorphic/meromorphic functions.

Recently, Dor\"oz et al. (2017) proposed a new hard problem, called the finite field isomorphism problem, and constructed a fully homomorphic encryption scheme based on this problem. In this paper, we generalize the problem to the case of…

In this paper, we investigate hypersurfaces defined over a ring of algebraic integers, and show that if the projection from a point induces a Galois extension over either a number field or the residue field associated with a prime ideal…

It is a well-known fact that genetic sequences may contain sections with repeated units, called repeats, that differ in length over a population, with a length distribution of geometric type. A simple class of recombination models with…

We carry out some of Galois's work in the setting of an arbitrary first-order theory T. We replace the ambient algebraically closed field by a large model M of T, replace fields by definably closed subsets of M, assume that T codes finite…

Let p>2 be prime, and let n,m be positive integers. For cyclic field extensions E/F of degree p^n that contain a primitive pth root of unity, we show that the associated F_p[Gal(E/F)]-modules H^m(G_E,mu_p) have a sparse decomposition. When…

We present a way of topologizing sets of Galois types over structures in abstract elementary classes with amalgamation. In the elementary case, the topologies thus produced refine the syntactic topologies familiar from first order logic. We…