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Background and Context: Over the past year, large language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm. In computing education, like in other walks of life, many opportunities and threats have emerged as a consequence. Objectives: In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen , Sami Sarsa , Charles Koutcheme , Lilja Kujanpää , Juha Sorva

Software libraries play a critical role in the functionality, efficiency, and maintainability of software systems. As developers increasingly rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) to streamline their coding processes, the effectiveness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jasmine Latendresse , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Ahmad Abdellatif , Emad Shihab

Smartphone usage data can provide valuable insights for understanding interaction with technology and human behavior. However, collecting large-scale, in-the-wild smartphone usage logs is challenging due to high costs, privacy concerns,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Gustavo Kruger , Nikhil Sachdeva , Michael Sobolev

Generative artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular Large Language Models (LLMs), have exploded in popularity and attention since the release to the public of ChatGPT's Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-3.5 model in November…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Daniel Hopp

Third-party libraries (TPLs) have become a significant part of the Android ecosystem. Developers can employ various TPLs to facilitate their app development. Unfortunately, the popularity of TPLs also brings new security issues. For…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Xian Zhan , Tianming Liu , Yepang Liu , Yang Liu , Li Li , Haoyu Wang , Xiapu Luo

Knowledge files have been widely used in large language model (LLM) agents, such as GPTs, to improve response quality. However, concerns about the potential leakage of knowledge files have grown significantly. Existing studies demonstrate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xinyue Shen , Yun Shen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Background: The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has given rise to AI-native applications, a new paradigm in software engineering that fundamentally redefines how software is designed, developed, and evolved. Despite their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Lingli Cao , Shanshan Li , Ying Fan , Danyang Li , Chenxing Zhong

With the proliferation of LLM-integrated applications such as GPT-s, millions are deployed, offering valuable services through proprietary instruction prompts. These systems, however, are prone to prompt extraction attacks through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Junlin Wang , Tianyi Yang , Roy Xie , Bhuwan Dhingra

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into critical systems in industries like healthcare and finance. Users can often submit queries to LLM-enabled chatbots, some of which can enrich responses with information retrieved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sayon Palit , Daniel Woods

Large-scale language models (LLMs) have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the realm of question-answering and conversational agents. These models, leveraging different deep learning architectures such as Transformers, are trained on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Fardin Ahsan Sakib , Saadat Hasan Khan , A. H. M. Rezaul Karim

Natural Language Processing (NLP) research is increasingly focusing on the use of Large Language Models (LLMs), with some of the most popular ones being either fully or partially closed-source. The lack of access to model details,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Simone Balloccu , Patrícia Schmidtová , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

User-configured chatbots built on top of large language models are increasingly available through centralized marketplaces such as OpenAI's GPT Store. While these platforms enforce usage policies intended to prevent harmful or inappropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 David Rodriguez , William Seymour , Jose M. Del Alamo , Jose Such

Significant advancements have been made in one of the most critical branches of artificial intelligence: natural language processing (NLP). These advancements are exemplified by the remarkable success of OpenAI's GPT-3.5/4 and the recent…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-04-22 Zongrui Pei , Junqi Yin , Jiaxin Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) extended as systems, such as ChatGPT, have begun supporting third-party applications. These LLM apps leverage the de facto natural language-based automated execution paradigm of LLMs: that is, apps and their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Yuhao Wu , Franziska Roesner , Tadayoshi Kohno , Ning Zhang , Umar Iqbal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity due to their exceptional capabilities across various domains, including chatbots, healthcare, education, content generation, and automated support systems. However, developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Khairul Alam , Kartik Mittal , Banani Roy , Chanchal Roy

Automated Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing plays a crucial role in ensuring app quality, especially as mobile applications have become an integral part of our daily lives. Despite the growing popularity of learning-based techniques in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Mengzhuo Chen , Boyu Wu , Xing Che , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly large language models (LLMs), is becoming increasingly vital for developing immersive and interactive metaverse experiences. GPT, a representative LLM developed by OpenAI,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Pengyuan Zhou

Generative AI is transforming business applications by enabling natural language interfaces and intelligent automation. However, the underlying large language models (LLMs) are evolving rapidly and so prompting them consistently is a…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shivani Tripathi , Pushpanjali Nema , Aditya Halder , Shi Qiao , Alekh Jindal

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention for their exceptional capabilities. Prompts are central to the functionality and performance of LLMs, making them highly valuable assets. The increasing reliance on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yong Yang , Changjiang Li , Qingming Li , Oubo Ma , Haoyu Wang , Zonghui Wang , Yandong Gao , Wenzhi Chen , Shouling Ji

This study compares state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) on their tendency to generate vulnerabilities when writing C programs using a neutral zero-shot prompt. Tihanyi et al. introduced the FormAI dataset at PROMISE'23, featuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Norbert Tihanyi , Tamas Bisztray , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Ridhi Jain , Lucas C. Cordeiro