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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) or metasurface is one of the important enabling technologies in mobile cellular networks that can effectively enhance the signal coverage performance in obstructed regions, and it is generally…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-06 Tianqi Xiang , Zhiwei Jiang , Weijun Hong , Xin Zhang , Yuehong Gao

We consider the optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)-aided multi-user (MU) cell-free (CF)-massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems, where the propagation environment design achieved…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-18 Iván Alexander Morales Sandoval , Marko Fidanovski , Hyeon Seok Rou , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Emil Björnson

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been proposed recently as new technology to tune the wireless propagation channels in real-time. However, most of the current works assume single-RIS (S-RIS)-aided systems, which can be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Khaled Ardah , Sepideh Gherekhloo , André L. F. de Almeida , Martin Haardt

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication is a revolutionary technology that enables to manipulate wireless propagation environment via smartly controllable low-cost reflecting surfaces. However, in order to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zehra Yigit , Ertugrul Basar , Ibrahim Altunbas

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are envisioned to play a key role in future wireless communications, enabling programmable radio propagation environments. They are usually considered as nearly passive planar structures that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-14 Haiyang Zhang , Nir Shlezinger , Idban Alamzadeh , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mohammadreza F. Imani , Yonina C. Eldar

Typical reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) implementations include metasurfaces with almost passive unit elements capable of reflecting their incident waves in controllable ways, enhancing wireless communications in a cost-effective…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Songjie Yang , Zihang Wan , Boyu Ning , Weidong Mei , Jiancheng An , Yonina C. Eldar , Chau Yuen

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) extend conventional diagonal RISs by allowing inter-element coupling, thereby enlarging the set of attainable scattering matrices and improving the achievable signal-to-noise…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Konstantinos Ntougias , Ioannis Krikidis

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is one of the promising technologies contributing to the next generation smart radio environment. A novel physics-based RIS channel model is proposed. Particularly, we consider the RIS and the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-04 Jiaqi Xu , Yuanwei Liu

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) architectures offer superior beamforming gain over conventional diagonal RISs. However, the channel estimation overhead is the main hurdle for reaping the above gain in practice.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Rui Wang , Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Wireless communications are nowadays shifting to higher operation frequencies with the aim to meet the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth. While reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are usually envisioned to restore the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-02 Giorgos Stratidakis , Sotiris Droulias , Angeliki Alexiou

In this letter, simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) are studied. Compared with the conventional reflecting-only RISs, the coverage of STAR-RISs is extended to 360 degrees via simultaneous…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-30 Jiaqi Xu , Yuanwei Liu , Xidong Mu , Octavia A. Dobre

We consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that can implement a phase rotation continuously over the whole surface rather than via a finite number of discrete elements. Such an RIS can be considered a design for future systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Amy S. Inwood , Peter J. Smith , Mahmoud AlaaEldin , Michail Matthaiou

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) constitute a promising technology that could fulfill the extreme performance and capacity needs of the upcoming 6G wireless networks, by offering software-defined control over wireless propagation…

The technology of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) has been showing promising potential in a variety of applications relying on Beyond-5G networks. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can indeed provide fine channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-28 Moustafa Rahal , Benoit Denis , Kamran Keykhosravi , Musa Furkan Keskin , Bernard Uguen , George C. Alexandropoulos , Henk Wymeersch

Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as a more flexible solution to engineer the wireless propagation channels, thanks to its non-diagonal reflecting matrix. Although the gain of the BD-RIS over…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Xiaoqi Zhang , Liang Liu , Shuowen Zhang , Haijun Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has become a promising technology to improve wireless communication in recent years. It steers the incident signals to create a favorable propagation environment by controlling the reconfigurable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Wangyang Xu , Lu Gan , Chongwen Huang

This paper introduces a novel approach of utilizing the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for joint data modulation and signal beamforming in a multi-user downlink cellular network by leveraging the idea of backscatter communication.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Haseeb Ur Rehman , Faouzi Bellili , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain

This paper studies the interference broadcast channel comprising multiple multi-antenna Base Stations (BSs), each controlling a beyond diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) and serving multiple single-antenna users. Wideband…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Konstantinos D. Katsanos , Paolo Di Lorenzo , George C. Alexandropoulos

Pixel-based reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) employ a novel design to achieve high reflection gain at a lower hardware cost by eliminating the phase shifters used in traditional RIS. However, this design presents challenges for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Huayan Guo , Junhui Rao , Alex M. H. Wong , Ross Murch , Vincent K. N. Lau

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are an emerging technology that can be used to reconfigure the propagation environment to improve cellular communication link rates. RIS, which are thin metasurfaces composed of discrete elements,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-11 Pooja Nuti , Brian L. Evans