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The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to specialized reasoning tasks is fundamentally constrained by computational resources. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a powerful solution, yet the landscape of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Brennen Hill

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers have emerged as an important tool in scaling up modern neural networks by decoupling total trainable parameters from activated parameters in the forward pass for each token. However, sparse MoEs add…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tianze Jiang , Blake Bordelon , Cengiz Pehlevan , Boris Hanin

Low-rank adaptation is a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for large language models. In this paper, we analyze the impact of low-rank updating, as implemented in LoRA. Our findings suggest that the low-rank updating mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Shengyue Luo , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a popular method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of generative models, valued for its simplicity and effectiveness. Despite recent enhancements, LoRA still suffers from a fundamental limitation:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yeonjoon Jung , Daehyun Ahn , Hyungjun Kim , Taesu Kim , Eunhyeok Park

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) drives research to align its performance with full fine-tuning. However, significant challenges remain: (1) Simply increasing the rank size of LoRA does not effectively capture high-rank information, which leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Chuanyu Tang , Yilong Chen , Zhenyu Zhang , Junyuan Shang , Wenyuan Zhang , Yong Huang , Tingwen Liu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is essential for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs). In practice, LLMs are often required to handle a diverse set of tasks from multiple domains, a scenario naturally addressed by multi-task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jinda Liu , Bo Cheng , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

With the proliferation of large pre-trained language models (PLMs), fine-tuning all model parameters becomes increasingly inefficient, particularly when dealing with numerous downstream tasks that entail substantial training and storage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nadav Benedek , Lior Wolf

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most widely used techniques for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). By introducing a small number of trainable low-rank weight matrices, LoRA substantially reduces the number of parameters that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Seokmin Ko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven highly effective in automating software engineering tasks, bridging natural language and code semantics to achieve notable results in code generation and summarization. However, their scale incurs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Md Zahidul Haque , Saima Afrin , Antonio Mastropaolo

LoRA-based large model parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods use low-rank de- composition to approximate updates to model parameters. However, compared to full- parameter fine-tuning, low-rank updates often lead to a performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haojie Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in aiding developers with tasks like code comprehension, generation, and translation. Supporting multilingual programming -- i.e., coding tasks across multiple…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yifan Zong , Yuntian Deng , Pengyu Nie

Pre-trained language models, trained on large-scale corpora, demonstrate strong generalizability across various NLP tasks. Fine-tuning these models for specific tasks typically involves updating all parameters, which is resource-intensive.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Haoyu Wang , Tianci Liu , Ruirui Li , Monica Cheng , Tuo Zhao , Jing Gao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods are increasingly vital in adapting large-scale pre-trained language models for diverse tasks, offering a balance between adaptability and computational efficiency. They are important in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Tong Su , Xin Peng , Sarubi Thillainathan , David Guzmán , Surangika Ranathunga , En-Shiun Annie Lee

We investigate parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods that can provide good accuracy under limited computational and memory budgets in the context of large language models (LLMs). We present a new PEFT method called Robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mahdi Nikdan , Soroush Tabesh , Elvir Crnčević , Dan Alistarh

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly fine-tuned to handle domain-specific tasks before being applied to vertical applications, adapting them to complex scenarios with diverse specialized knowledge remains challenging. Meanwhile,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mengyang Sun , Maochuan Dou , Tao Feng , Dan Zhang , Yihao Wang , Junpeng Liu , Yifan Zhu , Jie Tang

While the enormous parameter scale endows Large Models (LMs) with unparalleled performance, it also limits their adaptability across specific tasks. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a critical approach for effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Dong Chen , Zhengqing Hu , Shixing Zhao , Yibo Guo

Deep models have driven significant advances in click-through rate (CTR) prediction. While vertical scaling via layer stacking improves model expressiveness, the layer-by-layer sequential computation poses challenges to efficient scaling.…

The fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is pivotal for achieving optimal performance across diverse downstream tasks. However, while full fine-tuning delivers superior results, it entails significant computational and resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yao Liang , Yuwei Wang , Yi Zeng

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has been widely employed for domain adaptation, with LoRA being one of the most prominent methods due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, in multi-task learning (MTL) scenarios, LoRA tends to…

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning(PEFT) has largely focused on LoRA and its accuracy-oriented variants, leaving the original goal of reducing trainable parameters has receivedcomparatively little attention. We introduce FoRA, which revisits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Juneyoung Park , Seongbae Lee , Han-Sang Lee , Kyuho Lee , Minjae Kim , Seungheon Hyeon , Kiduk Kwon , Seongwan Kim , Jaeho Lee