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The widespread integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various sectors has highlighted the need for empirical research to understand their biases, thought patterns, and societal implications to ensure ethical and effective use.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Manari Hirose , Masato Uchida

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have presented new opportunities for integrating Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) into biological research and education. This study evaluated the capabilities of leading LLMs, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Xinyu Gong , Jason Holmes , Yiwei Li , Zhengliang Liu , Qi Gan , Zihao Wu , Jianli Zhang , Yusong Zou , Yuxi Teng , Tian Jiang , Hongtu Zhu , Wei Liu , Tianming Liu , Yajun Yan

Large language models (LLMs) are already being piloted for clinical use in hospital systems like NYU Langone, Dana-Farber and the NHS. A proposed deployment use case is psychotherapy, where a LLM-powered chatbot can treat a patient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Saadia Gabriel , Isha Puri , Xuhai Xu , Matteo Malgaroli , Marzyeh Ghassemi

MLLMs MLLMs are beginning to appear in clinical workflows, but their ability to perform complex medical reasoning remains unclear. We present Med-CMR, a fine-grained Medical Complex Multimodal Reasoning benchmark. Med-CMR distinguishes from…

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a significant impact on the healthcare field, providing patients with medical advice, diagnostic information, and more. However, due to a lack of professional medical knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Wenya Xie , Qingying Xiao , Yu Zheng , Xidong Wang , Junying Chen , Ke Ji , Anningzhe Gao , Xiang Wan , Feng Jiang , Benyou Wang

Since the release of ChatGPT and GPT-4, large language models (LLMs) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have attracted widespread attention for their exceptional capabilities in understanding, reasoning, and generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hanguang Xiao , Feizhong Zhou , Xingyue Liu , Tianqi Liu , Zhipeng Li , Xin Liu , Xiaoxuan Huang

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare has been dominated by physician-centric, English-language benchmarks, creating a dangerous illusion of competence that ignores the interprofessional nature of patient care. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Andrew Maranhão Ventura D'addario

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promise in medical knowledge assessments, yet their practical utility in real-world clinical decision-making remains underexplored. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mengdi Chai , Ali R. Zomorrodi

The rapid growth of biomedical literature poses challenges for manual knowledge curation and synthesis. Biomedical Natural Language Processing (BioNLP) automates the process. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in general…

Continuing advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) in artificial intelligence offer important capacities in intuitively accessing and using medical knowledge in many contexts, including education and training as well as assessment and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Roma Shusterman , Allison C. Waters , Shannon O`Neill , Phan Luu , Don M. Tucker

This paper examines the role of cognitive biases in the decision-making processes of large language models (LLMs), challenging the conventional goal of eliminating all biases. When properly balanced, we show that certain cognitive biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hanyang Zhong , Liman Wang , Wenting Cao , Zeyuan Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing applications, yet their widespread use raises concerns regarding inherent biases that may reduce utility or harm for particular social groups. Despite the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bo Pang , Tingrui Qiao , Caroline Walker , Chris Cunningham , Yun Sing Koh

Large language models (LLMs) hold promise to serve complex health information needs but also have the potential to introduce harm and exacerbate health disparities. Reliably evaluating equity-related model failures is a critical step toward…

Large language models (LLMs) can simulate clinical reasoning based on natural language prompts, but their utility in ophthalmology is largely unexplored. This study evaluated GPT-4's ability to interpret structured textual descriptions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Cindy Lie Tabuse , David Restepo , Carolina Gracitelli , Fernando Korn Malerbi , Caio Regatieri , Luis Filipe Nakayama

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for supporting clinicians in diagnostic communication by generating explanations and guidance for patients. Yet their ability to produce outputs that are both understandable and empathetic remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jianzhou Yao , Shunchang Liu , Guillaume Drui , Rikard Pettersson , Alessandro Blasimme , Sara Kijewski

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used in real-world settings, yet their strategic decision-making abilities remain largely unexplored. To fully benefit from the potential of LLMs, it's essential to understand their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Nathan Herr , Fernando Acero , Roberta Raileanu , María Pérez-Ortiz , Zhibin Li

Despite the rapid expansion of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare, robust and explainable evaluation of their ability to assess clinical trial reporting according to CONSORT standards remains an open challenge. In particular,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Sohyeon Jeon , Hyung-Chul Lee

Recent artificial intelligence (AI) systems have reached milestones in "grand challenges" ranging from Go to protein-folding. The capability to retrieve medical knowledge, reason over it, and answer medical questions comparably to…

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes applications such as medical (self-)diagnosis and preliminary triage raises significant ethical and practical concerns about the effectiveness, appropriateness, and possible…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Bonam Mingole , Aditya Majumdar , Firdaus Ahmed Choudhury , Jennifer L. Kraschnewski , Shyam S. Sundar , Amulya Yadav

Global healthcare providers are exploring use of large language models (LLMs) to provide medical advice to the public. LLMs now achieve nearly perfect scores on medical licensing exams, but this does not necessarily translate to accurate…