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Current training regimes for deep learning usually involve exposure to a single task / dataset at a time. Here we start from the observation that in this context the trained model is not given any knowledge of anything outside its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Giacomo Spigler

Continual learning (CL) has traditionally focused on minimizing exemplar memory, a constraint often misaligned with modern systems where GPU time, not storage, is the primary bottleneck. This paper challenges this paradigm by investigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Dongkyu Cho , Taesup Moon , Rumi Chunara , Kyunghyun Cho , Sungmin Cha

The intrinsic capability to continuously learn a changing data stream is a desideratum of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, current DNNs suffer from catastrophic forgetting, which interferes with remembering past knowledge. To mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nghia D. Nguyen , Hieu Trung Nguyen , Ang Li , Hoang Pham , Viet Anh Nguyen , Khoa D. Doan

Real-life multilingual systems should be able to efficiently incorporate new languages as data distributions fed to the system evolve and shift over time. To do this, systems need to handle the issue of catastrophic forgetting, where the…

Custom Diffusion Models (CDMs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkable ability to personalize generative processes. However, existing CDMs suffer from catastrophic forgetting when continuously learning new concepts. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Arjun Ramesh Kaushik , Naresh Kumar Devulapally , Vishnu Suresh Lokhande , Nalini Ratha , Venu Govindaraju

We lack a systematic understanding of the effects of fine-tuning (via methods such as instruction-tuning or reinforcement learning from human feedback), particularly on tasks outside the narrow fine-tuning distribution. In a simplified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Suhas Kotha , Jacob Mitchell Springer , Aditi Raghunathan

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have shown promising zero-shot generalization across diverse forecasting tasks. However, their robustness to continual adaptation remains underexplored. In this work, we investigate the extent to which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Nouha Karaouli , Denis Coquenet , Elisa Fromont , Martial Mermillod , Marina Reyboz

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models on a sequence of tasks while retaining performance on previously learned ones. A core challenge in this setting is catastrophic forgetting, where new learning interferes with past knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Meng Ding , Jinhui Xu , Kaiyi Ji

A catastrophic forgetting problem makes deep neural networks forget the previously learned information, when learning data collected in new environments, such as by different sensors or in different light conditions. This paper presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Heechul Jung , Jeongwoo Ju , Minju Jung , Junmo Kim

The main challenge of continual learning is \textit{catastrophic forgetting}. Because of processing data in one pass, online continual learning (OCL) is one of the most difficult continual learning scenarios. To address catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Aopeng Wang , Ke Deng , Yongli Ren , Jun Luo

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is intended to improve their reasoning capabilities, yet we uncover a counterintuitive effect: models often forget how to solve problems they previously answered correctly during training. We term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuetai Li , Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Luyao Niu , Bill Yuchen Lin , Xiang Yue , Radha Poovendran

Sequential Bayesian inference can be used for continual learning to prevent catastrophic forgetting of past tasks and provide an informative prior when learning new tasks. We revisit sequential Bayesian inference and test whether having…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Samuel Kessler , Adam Cobb , Tim G. J. Rudner , Stefan Zohren , Stephen J. Roberts

In the literature, many continual learning (CL) algorithms have been proposed to address the issue of catastrophic forgetting in ML models (i.e., learning new tasks leads to the loss of performance on previously learned tasks). Although all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Srijith Nair , Atilla Eryilmaz , Jia , Liu

The goal of continual learning (CL) is to learn a sequence of tasks without suffering from the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting. Previous work has shown that leveraging memory in the form of a replay buffer can reduce performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sayna Ebrahimi , Suzanne Petryk , Akash Gokul , William Gan , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Marcus Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell

One of the objectives of continual learning is to prevent catastrophic forgetting in learning multiple tasks sequentially, and the existing solutions have been driven by the conceptualization of the plasticity-stability dilemma. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Seungyub Han , Yeongmo Kim , Taehyun Cho , Jungwoo Lee

In this paper, we propose a continual learning (CL) technique that is beneficial to sequential task learners by improving their retained accuracy and reducing catastrophic forgetting. The principal target of our approach is the automatic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Ammar Shaker , Shujian Yu , Francesco Alesiani

Deep Neural networks forget previously learnt tasks when they are faced with learning new tasks. This is called catastrophic forgetting. Rehearsing the neural network with the training data of the previous task can protect the network from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Bhasker Sri Harsha Suri , Kalidas Yeturu

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have become a prevalent technique in deep learning for code, utilizing a two-stage pre-training and fine-tuning procedure to acquire general knowledge about code and specialize in a variety of downstream…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Martin Weyssow , Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , David Lo , Houari Sahraoui

We study the problem of fine-tuning a language model (LM) for a target task by optimally using the information from $n$ auxiliary tasks. This problem has broad applications in NLP, such as targeted instruction tuning and data selection in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Dongyue Li , Ziniu Zhang , Lu Wang , Hongyang R. Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) can acquire new capabilities through fine-tuning, but continual adaptation often leads to catastrophic forgetting. We propose CRAFT, a continual learning framework that avoids updating model weights by instead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Md Anwar Hossen , Fatema Siddika , Juan Pablo Munoz , Tanya Roosta , Ali Jannesari