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Let $G$ be a finite, connected graph. The eccentricity of a vertex $v$ of $G$ is the distance from $v$ to a vertex farthest from $v$. The average eccentricity of $G$ is the arithmetic mean of the eccentricities of the vertices of $G$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-01 Alex Alochukwu , Peter Dankelmann

The zeroth-order general Randi\'{c} index $R^{0}_{a+1}$ of an $n$-vertices oriented graph $D$ is equal to the sum of $(d^{+}_{u_i})^{a}+(d^{-}_{u_j})^{a}$ over all arcs $u_iu_j$ of $D$, where we denote by $d^{+}_{u_i}$ the out-degree of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-05-23 Jiaxiang Yang , Hanyuan Deng , Zikai Tang , Hechao Liu

We prove that every graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits a partition of its edges into $O(\sqrt{\Delta})$ parts (as $\Delta\to\infty$) none of which contains $C_4$ as a subgraph. This bound is sharp up to a constant factor. Our proof…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-19 Ross J. Kang , Guillem Perarnau

Let G be a simple graph without isolated vertices. For a vertex i in G, the degree d_i is the number of vertices adjacent to i and the average 2-degree m_i is the mean of the degrees of the vertices which are adjacent to i. The sequence of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-08 Yu-pei Huang , Chia-an Liu , Chih-wen Weng

This paper proves that if $G$ is a graph (parallel edges allowed) of maximum degree 3, then $\chi_c'(G) \leq 11/3$ provided that $G$ does not contain $H_1$ or $H_2$ as a subgraph, where $H_1$ and $H_2$ are obtained by subdividing one edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Peyman Afshani , Mahsa Ghandehari , Mahya Ghandehari , Hamed Hatami , Ruzbeh Tusserkani , Xuding Zhu

A proper orientation $D$ of an undirected graph $G$ is an orientation of $G$ such that $d_D^+(u)\not=d_D^+(v)$ for any edge $uv\in E(G)$. Denote the proper orientation number $\vec{\chi}(G)$ of an undirected graph $G$ as the minimum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Xiaolin Wang , Guangmiao Yu

Let $G$ be a connected graph of order $n$. The eccentricity $e(v)$ of a vertex $v$ is the distance from $v$ to a vertex farthest from $v$. The average eccentricity of $G$ is the mean of all eccentricities in $G$. We give upper bounds on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-06 Fadekemi Janet Osaye

The General Randi\'c index $R_\alpha$ of a simple graph $G$ is defined as \[ R_\alpha(G)=\sum_{v_{i}\sim v_{j}} (\delta_{i}\delta_{j})^\alpha, \] where $\delta_i$ denotes the degree of the vertex $v_i$. Rodr\'iguez-Vel\'azquez and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Alejandro Estrada-Moreno , Juan A. Rodríguez-Velázquez

We investigate Ramsey numbers of bounded degree graphs and provide an interpolation between known results on the Ramsey numbers of general bounded degree graphs and bounded degree graphs of small bandwidth. Our main theorem implies that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-24 Choongbum Lee

Erd\H{o}s, Pach, Pollack, and Tuza [\textit{J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 47(1) (1989), 73-79}] proved that the diameter of a connected $n$-vertex graph with minimum degree $\delta$ is at most $\frac{3n}{\delta+1}+O(1)$. The oriented diameter…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Garner Cochran , Zhiyu Wang

Reed conjectured that for every graph, $\chi \leq \left \lceil \frac{\Delta + \omega + 1}{2} \right \rceil$ holds, where $\chi$, $\omega$ and $\Delta$ denote the chromatic number, clique number and maximum degree of the graph, respectively.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Vera Weil

Given an integer $\Delta \ge 3$, let ${\cal G}_{\Delta }$ be the set of connected graphs $G\neq K_{\Delta +1}$ with maximum degree $\Delta $ and, for $i=1,\cdots, \Delta $, let $V_i(G)$ be the set of vertices of $G$ of degree $i$. \\ We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Jochen Harant , Ingo Schiermeyer

Let $G$ be a finite, simple, and undirected graph of order $n$ and average degree $d$. Up to terms of smaller order, we characterize the minimal intervals $I$ containing $d$ that are guaranteed to contain some vertex degree. In particular,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-20 Johannes Pardey , Dieter Rautenbach

A graph $G$ is class II, if its chromatic index is at least $\Delta+1$. Let $H$ be a maximum $\Delta$-edge-colorable subgraph of $G$. The paper proves best possible lower bounds for $\frac{|E(H)|}{|E(G)|}$, and structural properties of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-10-26 Vahan V. Mkrtchyan , Eckhard Steffen

For a given graph $G$, the least integer $k\geq 2$ such that for every Abelian group $\mathcal{G}$ of order $k$ there exists a proper edge labeling $f:E(G)\rightarrow \mathcal{G}$ so that $\sum_{x\in N(u)}f(xu)\neq \sum_{x\in N(v)}f(xv)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Sylwia Cichacz , Jakub Przybyło

A well-known theorem of Vizing states that if $G$ is a simple graph with maximum degree $\Delta$, then the chromatic index $\chi'(G)$ of $G$ is $\Delta$ or $\Delta+1$. A graph $G$ is class 1 if $\chi'(G)=\Delta$, and class 2 if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-02 Gang Chen , Zhengke Miao , Zi-Xia Song , Jingmei Zhang

The eccentricity of a vertex is the maximum distance from it to another vertex and the average eccentricity $ecc (G)$ of a graph $G$ is the mean value of eccentricities of all vertices of $G$. The average eccentricity is deeply connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-06-16 Aleksandar Ilic

Given a graph $G$ possibly with multiple edges but no loops, denote by $\Delta$ the {\it maximum degree}, $\mu$ the {\it multiplicity}, $\chi'$ the {\it chromatic index} and $\chi_f'$ the {\it fractional chromatic index} of $G$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-13 Guantao Chen , Yuping Gao , Ringi Kim , Luke Postle , Songling Shan

A 2-factor of a graph is a 2-regular spanning subgraph. For a graph $G$ and an independent set $I$ of $G$, let $\delta_G(I)$ denote the minimum degree of vertices contained in $I$. We show that (1) if every independent set $I$ of $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Masaki Kashima

For a graph $G$ of order $n$ and with eigenvalues $\lambda_1\geqslant\cdots\geqslant\lambda_n$, the HL-index $R(G)$ is defined as $R(G) ={\max}\left\{|\lambda_{\lfloor(n+1)/2\rfloor}|, |\lambda_{\lceil(n+1)/2\rceil}|\right\}.$ We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-11 Bojan Mohar , Behruz Tayfeh-Rezaie