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This paper introduces a reinforcement learning framework that enables controllable and diverse player behaviors without relying on human gameplay data. Existing approaches often require large-scale player trajectories, train separate models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Atahan Cilan , Atay Özgövde

Assistive agents should make humans' lives easier. Classically, such assistance is studied through the lens of inverse reinforcement learning, where an assistive agent (e.g., a chatbot, a robot) infers a human's intention and then selects…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Vivek Myers , Evan Ellis , Sergey Levine , Benjamin Eysenbach , Anca Dragan

Automated game design (AGD), the study of automatically generating game rules, has a long history in technical games research. AGD approaches generally rely on approximations of human play, either objective functions or AI agents. Despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Johor Jara Gonzalez , Seth Cooper , Matthew Guzdial

Object-centric representations have recently enabled significant progress in tackling relational reasoning tasks. By building a strong object-centric inductive bias into neural architectures, recent efforts have improved generalization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Wenling Shang , Lasse Espeholt , Anton Raichuk , Tim Salimans

Games are challenging for Reinforcement Learning~(RL) agents due to their reward-sparsity, as rewards are only obtainable after long sequences of deliberate actions. Intrinsic Motivation~(IM) methods -- which introduce exploration rewards…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Leonardo Villalobos-Arias , Grant Forbes , Jianxun Wang , David L Roberts , Arnav Jhala

We present an approach for designing swarm-based optimizers for the global optimization of expensive black-box functions. In the proposed approach, the problem of finding efficient optimizers is framed as a reinforcement learning problem,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Eloghosa Ikponmwoba , Ope Owoyele

We introduce a reinforcement learning environment based on Heroic - Magic Duel, a 1 v 1 action strategy game. This domain is non-trivial for several reasons: it is a real-time game, the state space is large, the information given to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Michal Warchalski , Dimitrije Radojevic , Milos Milosevic

AI agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances, enabling them to assist humans in diverse complex tasks and leading to a revolution in human-AI coordination. LLM-powered agents typically require invoking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Jijia Liu , Chao Yu , Jiaxuan Gao , Yuqing Xie , Qingmin Liao , Yi Wu , Yu Wang

We anticipate increased instances of humans and AI systems working together in what we refer to as a hybrid team. The increase in collaboration is expected as AI systems gain proficiency and their adoption becomes more widespread. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Andrew Fuchs , Andrea Passarella , Marco Conti

Humans possess innate collaborative capacities. However, effective teamwork often remains challenging. This study delves into the feasibility of collaboration within teams of rational, self-interested agents who engage in teamwork without…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Alejandra López de Aberasturi Gómez , Carles Sierra , Jordi Sabater-Mir

Humanoid robotics has strong potential to transform daily service and caregiving applications. Although recent advances in general motion tracking within physics engines (GMT) have enabled virtual characters and humanoid robots to reproduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuto Shibata , Kashu Yamazaki , Lalit Jayanti , Yoshimitsu Aoki , Mariko Isogawa , Katerina Fragkiadaki

While reinforcement learning agents can achieve superhuman performance in many complex tasks, they typically do not become more computationally efficient as they improve. In contrast, humans gradually require less cognitive effort as they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Adrian Orenstein , Jessica Chen , Gwyneth Anne Delos Santos , Bayley Sapara , Michael Bowling

The growing prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) in various applications underscores the need for agents that can successfully navigate and adapt to an ever-changing, open-ended world. A key challenge is ensuring these AI agents are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mikayel Samvelyan

Standard reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model (LLM) agents typically optimizes extrinsic rewards, prioritizing isolated task completion over continual adaptation. Consequently, agents often converge to suboptimal policies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xiaoying Zhang , Zichen Liu , Yipeng Zhang , Xia Hu , Wenqi Shao

Unlike reinforcement learning (RL) agents, humans remain capable multitaskers in changing environments. In spite of only experiencing the world through their own observations and interactions, people know how to balance focusing on tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Rishav Bhagat , Jonathan Balloch , Zhiyu Lin , Julia Kim , Mark Riedl

In fighting games, individual players of the same skill level often exhibit distinct strategies from one another through their gameplay. Despite this, the majority of AI agents for fighting games have only a single strategy for each "level"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Emily Halina , Matthew Guzdial

Human-centered AI considers human experiences with AI performance. While abundant research has been helping AI achieve superhuman performance either by fully automatic or weak supervision learning, fewer endeavors are experimenting with how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Yilei Zeng , Jiali Duan , Yang Li , Emilio Ferrara , Lerrel Pinto , C. -C. Jay Kuo , Stefanos Nikolaidis

Reinforcement learning (RL), a common tool in decision making, learns control policies from various experiences based on the associated cumulative return/rewards without treating them differently. Humans, on the contrary, often learn to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

Being able to recognize emotions in human users is considered a highly desirable trait in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios. However, most contemporary approaches rarely attempt to apply recognized emotional features in an active…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Nikhil Churamani , Alexander Sutherland , Pablo Barros

In many reinforcement learning tasks, the goal is to learn a policy to manipulate an agent, whose design is fixed, to maximize some notion of cumulative reward. The design of the agent's physical structure is rarely optimized for the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 David Ha
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