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Avalanche photodiodes are widely used as practical detectors of single photons.1 Although conventional devices respond to one or more photons, they cannot resolve the number in the incident pulse or short time interval. However, such photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-03 B. E. Kardynal , Z. L. Yuan , A. J. Shields

A dedicated single-cell SiPM structure is designed and measured to investigate the radiation damage effects on the gain and turn-off voltage of SiPMs exposed to a reactor neutron fluence up to $\Phi$ = 5e13 cm$^{-2}$. The cell has a pitch…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-11-02 E. Garutti , E. Popova , P. Parygin , O. Bychkova , A. Kaminsky , S. Martens , J. Schwandt , A. Stifutkin

A highly sensitive photodetection system with a detection limit of 1 photon/s was developed. This system uses a commercially available 200-mm-diameter silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) and an in-house-developed ultralow-noise readout…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Makoto Akiba , Mikio Fujiwara , Masahide Sasaki

Bioluminescence detection requires single-photon sensitivity, extremely low detection limits and wide dynamic range. Such performances were traditionally assured by photomultiplier-tubes based systems. However, development of novel…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-26 S. Lomazzi , M. Caccia , C. Distasi , M. Dionisi , D. Lim , A. Martemiyanov , L. Nardo , F. A. Ruffinatti , R. Santoro

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have a few advantages over conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) used in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The first notable characteristic is their higher photon detection efficiency (PDE) of up…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-19 Akira Okumura , Junya Haga , Chiaki Inoue , Keiji Nishimoto , Kazuhiro Furuta , Hiroyasu Tajima

Burst effect of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) at cryogenic temperatures have been discovered few years ago looking at the dark count rate of SiPMs at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Bursts are trains of single signals that happen randomly…

The proof-of-concept prototype of the Picosecond Avalanche Detector, a multi-PN junction monolithic silicon detector with continuous gain layer deep in the sensor depleted region, was tested with a beam of 180 GeV pions at the CERN SPS. The…

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are photosensors widely used for imaging in a variety of high energy and nuclear physics experiments. In noble-gas detectors for double-beta decay and dark matter experiments, SiPMs are attractive…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-11 N. Yahlali , L. M. P. Fernandes , K. González , A. N. C. Garcia , A. Soriano

The ability to detect single photons has led to the advancement of numerous research fields. Although various types of single-photon detector have been developed, because of two main factors - that is, (1) the need for operating at…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-09-18 Neil Na , Yen-Cheng Lu , Yu-Hsuan Liu , Po-Wei Chen , Ying-Chen Lai , You-Ru Lin , Chung-Chih Lin , Tim Shia , Chih-Hao Cheng , Shu-Lu Chen

The DESY digital silicon photomultiplier (dSiPM) is a monolithic detector based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and features a fully digital readout. The dSiPM prototype was…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-05-06 Daniil Rastorguev , Inge Diehl , Karsten Hansen , Finn King , Stephan Lachnit , Simon Spannagel , Tomas Vanat , Gianpiero Vignola

Limited radiation hardness is the primary drawback to implementing Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) in high-luminosity environments, such as the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment. Hadron irradiation generates defects in the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-24 Jesús Peña-Rodríguez , Jörg Förtsch , Christian Pauly , Karl-Heinz Kampert

We report the first measurement of high order cumulants of the current fluctuations in an avalanche diode run through by a stationary dc current. Such a system is archetypic of devices in which transport is governed by a collective…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-10-08 J. Gabelli , B. Reulet

Motivated by recent experiments on the finite temperature Mott transition in VO2 films, we propose a classical coarse-grained dielectric breakdown model where each degree of freedom represents a nanograin which transitions from insulator to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-05-20 Ashivni Shekhawat , Stefanos Papanikolaou , Stefano Zapperi , James P. Sethna

Silicon single-photon detectors (Si SPDs) play a crucial role in detecting single photons in the visible spectrum. For various applications, photon detection efficiency (PDE) is the most critical characteristic for effectively collecting…

Unlike most commercially available silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), EQR20 SiPMs produced by the Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) avoid using individual resistors to quench the avalanche multiplication of the microcells. Instead, bulk…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-05-06 Yu. A. Melikyan , I. G. Bearden , V. Buchakchiev , S. Jia , V. Kozhuharov , I. P. Møller

This paper presents the design and characterization of a monolithic integrated circuit (IC) including digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs) arranged in a 32$~\times~$32 pixel matrix at 70$~\mu$m pitch. The IC provides per-quadrant time…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-11-23 I. Diehl , K. Hansen , T. Vanat , G. Vignola , F. Feindt , D. Rastorguev , S. Spannagel

This work presents stochastic approaches to model the counting behavior of actively quenched single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) subjected to continuous-wave constant illumination. We present both analytical expressions and simulation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-27 Ivo Straka , Jan Grygar , Josef Hloušek , Miroslav Ježek

We present a versatile analytic model describing Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) for P-on-N silicon photomultipliers, with possible applications for device characterization, PDE extrapolation from limited data, simulation and design…

We compared the performance of a SiPM array and a PMT in a laboratory setting using a single 5.08x5.08-cm cylindrical sodium iodide scintillating crystal. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are the most commonly used device to monitor…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-01-23 Tyana Stiegler , Kareem Kazkaz , Erik Swanberg , Vladimir Mozin

Reconstruction of photon statistics of optical states provide fundamental information on the nature of any optical field and find various relevant applications. Nevertheless, no detector that can reliably discriminate the number of incident…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Genovese , M. Gramegna , G. Brida , M. Bondani , G. Zambra , A. Andreoni , A. R. Rossi , M. G. A. Paris