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We present a sample path dependent measure of causal influence between two time series. The proposed measure is a random variable whose expected sum is the directed information. A realization of the proposed measure may be used to identify…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Gabriel Schamberg , Todd P. Coleman

Background: In clinical research, the Bland-Altman analysis is commonly used to assess agreement of metric measurements made by two or more techniques, devices or methods. The approach can also deal with repeated measurements per subject or…

We propose to construct cross and joint ordinal pattern transition networks from multivariate time series for two coupled systems, where synchronizations are often present. In particular, we focus on phase synchronization, which is one of…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2018-06-06 Heng Guo , Jiayang Zhang , Yong Zou , Shuguang Guan

In the world of multivariate extremes, estimation of the dependence structure still presents a challenge and an interesting problem. A procedure for the bivariate case is presented that opens the road to a similar way of handling the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-11-14 John H. J. Einmahl , Andrea Krajina , Johan Segers

As a crucial problem in statistics is to decide whether additional variables are needed in a regression model. We propose a new multivariate test to investigate the conditional mean independence of Y given X conditioning on some known…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-18 Ze Jin , Xiaohan Yan , David S. Matteson

The difference-in-differences (DID) design is widely used in observational studies to estimate the causal effect of a treatment when repeated observations over time are available. Yet, almost all existing methods assume linearity in the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-29 Soichiro Yamauchi

This study demonstrates the existence of a testable condition for the identification of the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome in observational data, which relies on two sets of variables: observed covariates to be controlled for…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Martin Huber , Jannis Kueck

In responding to rating questions, an individual may give answers either according to his/her knowledge/awareness or to his/her level of indecision/uncertainty, typically driven by a response style. As ignoring this dual behaviour may lead…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-08 Roberto Colombi , Sabrina Giordano , Anna Gottard , Maria Iannario

Tail dependence plays an essential role in the characterization of joint extreme events in multivariate data. However, most standard tail dependence parameters assume continuous margins. This note presents a form of tail dependence suitable…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Victory Idowu

We present a general framework for a comparative theory of variability measures, with a particular focus on the recently introduced one-parameter families of inter-Expected Shortfall differences and inter-expectile differences, that are…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-04-05 Fabio Bellini , Tolulope Fadina , Ruodu Wang , Yunran Wei

A causal set is a partially ordered set on a countably infinite ground-set such that each element is above finitely many others. A natural extension of a causal set is an enumeration of its elements which respects the order. We bring…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-09-22 Graham Brightwell , Malwina Luczak

Identifying relationships among stochastic processes is a core objective in many fields, such as economics. While the standard toolkit for multivariate time series analysis has many advantages, it can be difficult to capture nonlinear…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-06 Michael Wieck-Sosa , Michel F. C. Haddad , Aaditya Ramdas

Accurately determining dependency structure is critical to discovering a system's causal organization. We recently showed that the transfer entropy fails in a key aspect of this---measuring information flow---due to its conflation of dyadic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Ryan G. James , James P. Crutchfield

Based on recent progress in research on copula based dependence measures, we review the original Renyi's axioms on symmetric measures and propose a new set of axioms that applies to nonsymmetric measures. We show that nonsymmetric measures…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-02-16 Hui Li

Statistical analysis of high-dimensional functional times series arises in various applications. Under this scenario, in addition to the intrinsic infinite-dimensionality of functional data, the number of functional variables can grow with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Qin Fang , Shaojun Guo , Xinghao Qiao

Traditional methods for covariate adjustment of treatment means in designed experiments are inherently conditional on the observed covariate values. In order to develop a coherent general methodology for analysis of covariance, we propose a…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-01-19 James G. Booth , Walter T. Federer , Martin T. Wells , Russell D. Wolfinger

The creativity and emergence of biological and psychological behavior are nonlinear. However, that does not necessarily mean only that the measurements of the behaviors are curvilinear. Furthermore, the linear model might fail to reduce…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-05-28 Damian G. Kelty-Stephen , Elizabeth Lane , Madhur Mangalam

Control charts for process monitoring are widely used in practice. Most control charts require the monitored (residuals) process to be serially independent (and to satisfy specified distributional assumptions), whereas undetected dependence…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-27 Christian H. Weiß , José M. Amigó

Dyadic regression models are commonly analyzed under the conventional dyadic dependence paradigm, in which two observations may be dependent only if the corresponding dyads share a node. This paper studies inference when this paradigm…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-28 Ulrich Hounyo , Jiahao Lin , Xiaojun Song

The aim of ordinal classification is to predict the ordered labels of the output from a set of observed inputs. Interval-valued data refers to data in the form of intervals. For the first time, interval-valued data and interval-valued…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-06 Aleix Alcacer , Marina Martínez-Garcia , Irene Epifanio