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Earth observation (EO) satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are collecting vast amounts of data, which are invaluable for applications such as monitoring forest fires. However, data downloading from EO satellites faces significant challenges…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Bo Wu , David Tipper , Pengfei Zhou

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite Network (SatNet) with their mega-constellations are expected to play a key role in providing ubiquitous Internet and communications services in the future. LEO SatNets will provide wide-area coverage and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Tasneem Darwish , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Michel Bellemare , Guillaume Lamontagne

Distributed massive multiple-input multiple output (mMIMO) system for low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks is introduced as a promising technique to provide broadband connectivity. Nevertheless, several challenges persist in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Khaled Humadi , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Halim Yanikomeroglu

End-to-end latency in large low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations is dominated by propagation delay, making total delay roughly proportional to the network diameter, the longest shortest path in hops. Current inter-satellite link (ISL)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Arman Mollakhani , Jerayu Tiamraj , Shu-Jie Cao , Dongning Guo

The construction of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has recently spurred tremendous attention from academia and industry. 5G and 6G standards have specified LEO satellite network as a key component of 5G and 6G networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Jiasheng Wu , Shaojie Su , Xiong Wang , Jingjing Zhang , Yue Gao

We present F-Rosette, a stable space-ground network structure for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations at scale. Due to the dynamic many-to-many space-ground mapping in high mobility, existing LEO mega-constellations with IP…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Yuanjie Li , Hewu Li , Lixin Liu , Wei Liu , Jiayi Liu , Jianping Wu , Qian Wu , Jun Liu , Zeqi Lai , Guojie Fan

Large networks of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are being built using inter-satellite lasers. These networks promise to offer low-latency wide-area connectivity, but reliably routing such traffic is difficult, as satellites are very…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Stefano Vissicchio , Mark Handley

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks are emerging as a key infrastructure for global connectivity and space-based sensing. Many tasks in such systems can be formulated as measurement-set-to-spatial-inference problems, where spatial…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liping Tao , Xindi Tong , Chee Wei Tan

To model existing or future low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks leveraging multiple constellations, we propose a simple analytical approach to represent the clustering of satellites on orbits. More precisely, we develop a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-24 Chang-Sik Choi , François Baccelli

Terrestrial network limitations drive the integration of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), notably mega-constellations comprising thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. While these satellites act as interconnected network switches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sivaram Krishnan , Bassel Al Homssi , Zhouyou Gu , Jihong Park , Sung-Min Oh , Jinho Choi

Resilient routing in large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks remains a key challenge due to frequent and unpredictable link and node failures, potentially in response to cybersecurity breaches. While prior work has explored…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Lyubomir Yanev , Pietro Ronchetti , Joshua Smailes , Martin Strohmeier

In recent years, the number of satellites in orbit has increased rapidly, with megaconstellations like Starlink providing near-global, delay-sensitive communication services. However, not all satellite communication use cases have stringent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ethan Fettes , Pablo G. Madoery , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Abhishek Naik , Stéphane Martel

This paper proposes a robust resource allocation framework for a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-enabled simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system, assisted by a ground-deployed simultaneously transmitting and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Zahra Rostamikafaki , Francois Chan , Claude D'Amours

The new space race is heating up as private companies such as SpaceX and Amazon are building large satellite constellations in low-earth orbit (LEO) to provide global broadband internet access. As the number of subscribers connected to this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Tobias Pfandzelter , Jonathan Hasenburg , David Bermbach

Arctic regions, such as northern Canada, face significant challenges in achieving consistent connectivity and low-latency computing services due to the sparse coverage of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. To enhance service reliability in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Mohammed Almekhlafi , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

The number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has grown rapidly in recent years, bringing a major change to global wireless communications. As LEO satellite links take on a growing role in critical services such as emergency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Jinyoung Lee , Stefano Tomasin , Dong-Hyun Jung

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) optical satellite communication systems face performance challenges due to atmospheric effects such as scintillation, turbulence, wavefront distortion, beam spread, and jitter. This paper presents a comprehensive…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-29 Dhruv Shivkant , Shreyaans Jain , Rohit K Ramakrishnan

This paper presents a study of an integrated satellite-terrestrial network, where Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites are used to provide the backhaul link between base stations (BSs) and the core network. The mobility of LEO satellites raises…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

With the rapid development of satellite communication technologies, the space-based access network has been envisioned as a promising complementary part of the future 6G network. Aside from terrestrial base stations, satellite nodes,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Zhenyu Xiao , Junyi Yang , Tianqi Mao , Chong Xu , Rui Zhang , Zhu Han , Xiang-Gen Xia

Google's congestion control (GCC) has become a cornerstone for real-time video and audio communication, yet its performance remains fragile in emerging Low Earth Orbit (LEO) networks. In this paper, we study the behavior of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Aashish Gottipati , Lili Qiu