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In this work, we provide energy-efficient architectural support for floating point accuracy. Our goal is to provide accuracy that is far greater than that provided by the processor's hardware floating point unit (FPU). Specifically, for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-09-30 Ralph Nathan , Bryan Anthonio , Shih-Lien Lu , Helia Naeimi , Daniel J. Sorin , Xiaobai Sun

Memory disaggregation provides efficient memory utilization across network-connected systems. It allows a node to use part of memory in remote nodes in the same cluster. Recent studies have improved RDMA-based memory disaggregation systems,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Taekyung Heo , Seunghyo Kang , Sanghyeon Lee , Soojin Hwang , Jaehyuk Huh

Among the key contributions of Vitamin-V (2023-2025 Horizon Europe project), we develop a complete RISC-V open-source software stack for cloud services with comparable performance to the cloud-dominant x86 counterpart. In this paper, we…

Attention is a core operation in numerous machine learning and artificial intelligence models. This work focuses on the acceleration of attention kernel using FlashAttention algorithm, in vector processors, particularly those based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Vasileios Titopoulos , Kosmas Alexandridis , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

In this work, we present the design and evaluation of a Processor Tracing System compliant with the RISC-V Efficient Trace specification for Instruction Branch Tracing. We integrate our system into the host domain of a state-of-the-art edge…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Umberto Laghi , Simone Manoni , Emanuele Parisi , Andrea Bartolini

This paper introduces a novel 32-bit microprocessor, based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture, is designed,utilising a dynamic clock source to achieve high efficiency, overcoming the limitations of hardware delays. In addition, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Keyu Chen , Xuyi Hu , Robert Killey

Iterative solvers are frequently used in scientific applications and engineering computations. However, the memory-bound Sparse Matrix-Vector (SpMV) kernel computation hinders the efficiency of iterative algorithms. As modern hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jianhua Gao , Jiayuan Shen , Yuxiang Zhang , Weixing Ji , Hua Huang

The European Union's technological sovereignty strategy centers around the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture, with the European Processor Initiative leading efforts to build production-ready processors. Focusing on realizing a functional…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Diego Marrón , Aaron Call , Josep Ll. Berral , Ramon Nou

This paper proposes a hardware-software co-design approach to efficiently optimize beamforming and port selection in fluid antenna systems (FASs). To begin with, a fluid-antenna (FA)-enabled downlink multi-cell multiple-input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Sai Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Yanan Du , Hanjiang Hong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong

Prototyping HPC systems with low-to-mid technology readiness level (TRL) systems is critical for providing feedback to hardware designers, the system software team (e.g., compiler developers), and early adopters from the scientific…

Multi-tenant computing platforms are typically comprised of several software and hardware components including platform firmware, host operating system kernel, virtualization monitor, and the actual tenant payloads that run on them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Ravi Sahita , Atish Patra , Vedvyas Shanbhogue , Samuel Ortiz , Andrew Bresticker , Dylan Reid , Atul Khare , Rajnesh Kanwal

Microarchitectural attacks compromise security by exploiting software-visible artifacts of microarchitectural optimizations such as caches and speculative execution. Defending against such attacks at the software level requires an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Gideon Mohr , Marco Guarnieri , Jan Reineke

Recently, RISC-V has contributed to the development of IoT devices, requiring architectures that balance energy efficiency, compact area, and integrated security. However, most recent RISC-V cores for IoT prioritize either area footprint or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Christian Ewert , Tim Hardow , Melf Fritsch , Leon Dietrich , Henrik Strunck , Rainer Buchty , Mladen Berekovic , Saleh Mulhem

Virtualization is a key technology used in a wide range of applications, from cloud computing to embedded systems. Over the last few years, mainstream computer architectures were extended with hardware virtualization support, giving rise to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Bruno Sá , Luca Valente , José Martins , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini , Sandro Pinto

Heterogeneous systems increasingly rely on RISC-V cores as orchestration engines to manage data movement, synchronization, and scheduling across accelerators and reconfigurable fabrics. Conventional performance metrics, such as FLOPs,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Dave Ojika , Projjal Gupta , Preethi Budi , Herman Lam , Shreya Mehrotra

Transformers have significantly advanced AI and machine learning through their powerful attention mechanism. However, computing attention on long sequences can become a computational bottleneck. FlashAttention mitigates this by fusing the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Kosmas Alexandridis , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

The design of approximate adders has been widely researched to advance energy-efficient hardware for computation-intensive multimedia applications, such as image, audio, or video processing. The design of approximate adders has been widely…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hasnain A. Ziad , Ashiq A. Sakib

This work presents a SystemC-TLM based simulator for a RISC-V microcontroller. This simulator is focused on simplicity and easy expandable of a RISC-V. It is built around a full RISC-V instruction set simulator that supports full RISC-V ISA…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Màrius Montón

Many engineering and scientific applications require high precision arithmetic. IEEE~754-2008 compliant (floating-point) arithmetic is the de facto standard for performing these computations. Recently, posit arithmetic has been proposed as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Niraj Sharma , Riya Jain , Madhumita Mohan , Sachin Patkar , Rainer Leupers , Nikhil Rishiyur , Farhad Merchant

The widespread diffusion of compute-intensive edge-AI workloads and the stringent demands of modern autonomous systems require advanced heterogeneous embedded architectures. Such architectures must support high-performance and reliable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Enrico Zelioli , Alessandro Ottaviano , Robert Balas , Nils Wistoff , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini