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The rapid growth of space-based services has established LEO satellite networks as a promising option for global broadband connectivity. Next-generation LEO networks leverage inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide faster and more reliable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wanja de Sombre , Arash Asadi , Debopam Bhattacherjee , Deepak Vasisht , Andrea Ortiz

The construction of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has recently spurred tremendous attention from academia and industry. 5G and 6G standards have specified LEO satellite network as a key component of 5G and 6G networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Jiasheng Wu , Shaojie Su , Xiong Wang , Jingjing Zhang , Yue Gao

Terrestrial network limitations drive the integration of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), notably mega-constellations comprising thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. While these satellites act as interconnected network switches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sivaram Krishnan , Bassel Al Homssi , Zhouyou Gu , Jihong Park , Sung-Min Oh , Jinho Choi

As one of the most promising hotspots in the 6G era, space remote sensing information networks play a key and irreplaceable role in areas such as emergency response and scientific research, and are expected to foster remote sensing data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Linling Kuang , Jiachen Sun , Jin Zhang , Huanxi Cui , Kai Liu

As Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations rapidly expand to hundreds and thousands of spacecraft, the need for distributed on-board machine learning becomes critical to address downlink bandwidth limitations. Federated learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Grace Kim , Filip Svoboda , Nicholas Lane

The design and comparison of satellite-terrestrial routing (STR) and inter-satellite routing (ISR) in low Earth orbit satellite constellations is a widely discussed topic. The signal propagation distance under STR is generally longer than…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Howard H. Yang , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

We present F-Rosette, a stable space-ground network structure for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations at scale. Due to the dynamic many-to-many space-ground mapping in high mobility, existing LEO mega-constellations with IP…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Yuanjie Li , Hewu Li , Lixin Liu , Wei Liu , Jiayi Liu , Jianping Wu , Qian Wu , Jun Liu , Zeqi Lai , Guojie Fan

Recent advancements in low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites aim to bring resilience, ubiquitous, and high-quality service to future Internet infrastructure. However, the soaring number of space assets, increasing dynamics of LEO satellites and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Peng Hu

In the next generation network, the satellite network will play a fundamental role, in overcoming the limitation of the terrestrial network. Nonetheless, the satellite-terrestrial network integration presents a number of problems due to the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 F. Bergamini

Recently advanced low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks represented by large constellations and advanced payloads provide great promises for enabling high-quality Internet connectivity to any place on Earth. However, the traditional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Peng Hu

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a high-performance telecommunications technology that directs data from one network node to another based on short path labels rather than long network addresses. Its efficiency and scalability have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Ayush Thakur

Wireless networks with multiple nodes that relay information from a source to a destination are expected to be deployed in many applications. Therefore, understanding their design and performance under practical constraints is important. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-01-22 Bama Muthuramalingam , Srikrishna Bhashyam , Andrew Thangaraj

Satellite constellations equipped with Inter-Satellite Links and onboard packet switching enable real-time Operation and Management across globally distributed satellites, but also broaden the attack surface and introduce unprecedented…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Linan Huang , Peilong Liu , Xi Chen , Zhiyuan Lin , Jian Yan , Linling Kuang

Multi-hop uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) networks are promising to extend the terrestrial network coverage. Existing multi-hop UAV networks employ a single routing path by selecting the next-hop forwarding node in a hop-by-hop manner, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhenyu Zhao , Tiankui Zhang , Xiaoxia Xu , Junjie Li , Yuanwei Liu , Wenjuan Xing

The high mobility of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations induces a highly dynamic network topology, leading to many problems like frequent service disruptions. To mitigate this, Packet-based Load Balancing (PBLB) is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xiyuan Liu , Guano Liu , Xiucheng Tian , Wenting Wei

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations with hundreds or thousands of satellites and inter-satellite links (ISLs) have the potential to provide global end-to-end connectivity. Furthermore, if the physical distance between source…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Rasmus Sibbern Frederiksen , Thomas Gundgaard Mulvad , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Tatiana Kozlova Madsen , Federico Chiariotti

Since a spatial distribution of communication requests is inhomogeneous and related to a population, in constructing a network, it is crucial for delivering packets on short paths through the links between proximity nodes and for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-07-31 Yukio Hayashi

With the rapid growth in data demand and stringent latency requirements of modern applications has driven significant interest in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations as an emerging solution for global Internet coverage. However,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Mudassar Liaq , Mahyar Tajeri , Peng Hu

An important ingredient of the future 5G systems will be Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC). A way to offer URLLC without intervention in the baseband/PHY layer design is to use interface diversity and integrate multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Jimmy J. Nielsen , Rongkuan Liu , Petar Popovski

With numerous ongoing deployments owned by private companies and startups, dense satellite constellations deployed in low Earth orbit (LEO) will play a major role in the near future of wireless communications. In addition, the 3rd…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski