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Large language models offer significant potential for increasing labour productivity, such as streamlining personnel selection, but raise concerns about perpetuating systemic biases embedded into their pre-training data. This study explores…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-13 Louis Lippens

In this chapter, we provide a review of conversational agents (CAs), discussing chatbots, intended for casual conversation with a user, as well as task-oriented agents that generally engage in discussions intended to reach one or several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Mattias Wahde , Marco Virgolin

Our society is plagued by several biases, including racial biases, caste biases, and gender bias. As a matter of fact, several years ago, most of these notions were unheard of. These biases passed through generations along with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Lavisha Aggarwal , Shruti Bhargava

All AI models are susceptible to learning biases in data that they are trained on. For generative dialogue models, being trained on real human conversations containing unbalanced gender and race/ethnicity references can lead to models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Eric Michael Smith , Adina Williams

Cooperation between humans and machines is increasingly vital as artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more integrated into daily life. Research indicates that people are often less willing to cooperate with AI agents than with humans, more…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Sepideh Bazazi , Jurgis Karpus , Taha Yasseri

Artificial Intelligence has the capacity to amplify and perpetuate societal biases and presents profound ethical implications for society. Gender bias has been identified in the context of employment advertising and recruitment tools, due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Susan Leavy , Gerardine Meaney , Karen Wade , Derek Greene

We survey SoTA open-domain conversational AI models with the purpose of presenting the prevailing challenges that still exist to spur future research. In addition, we provide statistics on the gender of conversational AI in order to guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Tosin Adewumi , Foteini Liwicki , Marcus Liwicki

Recent years have seen a steady rise in the popularity and use of Conversational Agents (CA) for different applications, well before the more immediate impact of large language models. This rise has been accompanied by an extensive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Malak Sadek , Céline Mougenot

Current conversational agents (CA) have seen improvement in conversational quality in recent years due to the influence of large language models (LLMs) like GPT3. However, two key categories of problem remain. Firstly there are the unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Alex Clay , Eduardo Alonso , Esther Mondragón

AI agents are increasingly deployed and used to make automated decisions that affect our lives on a daily basis. It is imperative to ensure that these systems embed ethical principles and respect human values. We focus on how we can attest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Xavier Ferrer Aran , Jose M. Such , Natalia Criado

Critical scholarship has elevated the problem of gender bias in data sets used to train virtual assistants (VAs). Most work has focused on explicit biases in language, especially against women, girls, femme-identifying people, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Katie Seaborn , Shruti Chandra , Thibault Fabre

Gender bias represents a form of systematic negative treatment that targets individuals based on their gender. This discrimination can range from subtle sexist remarks and gendered stereotypes to outright hate speech. Prior research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Karolina Stańczak

Conversational Agents (CAs) have increasingly been integrated into everyday life, sparking significant discussions on social media. While previous research has examined public perceptions of AI in general, there is a notable lack in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zihan Liu , Han Li , Anfan Chen , Renwen Zhang , Yi-Chieh Lee

Conversational AI is increasingly deployed in emotionally charged and ethically sensitive interactions. Previous research has primarily concentrated on emotional benchmarks or static safety checks, overlooking how alignment unfolds in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiawen Deng , Wentao Zhang , Ziyun Jiao , Fuji Ren

Dialogue systems in the form of chatbots and personal assistants are being increasingly integrated into people's lives. Modern dialogue systems may consider adopting anthropomorphic personas, mimicking societal demographic groups to appear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Emily Sheng , Josh Arnold , Zhou Yu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Conversational AI systems exhibit a level of human-like behavior that promises to have profound impacts on many aspects of daily life -- how people access information, create content, and seek social support. Yet these models have also…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Christopher M. Homan , Greg Serapio-Garcia , Lora Aroyo , Mark Diaz , Alicia Parrish , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Alex S. Taylor , Ding Wang

Language Models have ushered a new age of AI gaining traction within the NLP community as well as amongst the general population. AI's ability to make predictions, generations and its applications in sensitive decision-making scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Ananya Malik

Large Language Model-powered conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly capable of projecting sophisticated personalities through language, but how these projections affect users is unclear. We thus examine how CA personalities expressed…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Uğur Genç , Heng Gu , Chadha Degachi , Evangelos Niforatos , Senthil Chandrasegaran , Himanshu Verma

Early conversational agents (CAs) focused on dyadic human-AI interaction between humans and the CAs, followed by the increasing popularity of polyadic human-AI interaction, in which CAs are designed to mediate human-human interactions. CAs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Qingxiao Zheng , Yiliu Tang , Yiren Liu , Weizi Liu , Yun Huang

AI offers key advantages such as instant generation, multi-modal support, and personalized adaptability - potential that can address the highly heterogeneous communication barriers faced by people with aphasia (PWAs). We designed…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Lei Mao , Jong Ho Lee , Yasmeen Faroqi Shah , Stephanie Valencia